MU4 Ward Round Pearls Flashcards
What do you think of with an isolated hyperbilirubinaemia?
Gilbert’s syndrome
What is the medical term for sunken chest? What are its complications?
Pectus excavatum
Often asymptomatic but may cause displacement of the heart to the left and restricted ventilatory capacity
What are two causes of pleural effusions due to abdominal causes?
Sympathetic effusion due to exudate (eg from subdiaphragmatic abscess or pancreatitis)
Hole in the diaphragm
What are is the acronium for CXR interpretation?
A - Airways
B - Bones
C - Cardiac
D - Diaphragm
E - Effusion
F - Fields
What are the 10 consequences of alcoholism?
Cirrhosis
Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Korsakoff psychosis
Cerebellar ataxia
Subdural/extra dural bleeds due to falls
Cardiac myopathy
Acute/chronic pancreatitis
Proximal myopathy
Peripheral neuropathy
Psychosocial
What must be considered when perscribing atenolol in the elderly?
It is renally secreted therefore the dose must be reduced as renal function declines with age
What is the MELD score used for?
Mortality for post-operative risk in patients with cirrhosis
What infections are worried about with a patient without a spleen?
Pneumonoccus
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenza`
What should you think of when you see dilated chest wall vessels?
SVC compression
What are the 4 causes of seizures in alcoholics?
- Electrolyte disturbances
- Subdural/Extradural bleed due to alcohol induced fall
- Hypoglycaemia due to depletion of glycogen stores
- Alcohol withdrawal
What percentage of elderly females will have bacteria in the urine?
>70%
What is empysematous pyelonephritis?
A severe infection of renal parenchyma where there is gas accumulation in the tissues. It is commonly seen in diabetics. Can be fatal if not treated.
How do you calculate the MAP?
1/3(Systolic - Diastolic) + Diastolic
What should you have in the back of your mind with Italian patients?
Thalassemia
What does a haemolytic screen consist of?
Full red blood cell count
Peripheral Blood smear
Serum Lactate dehydrogenase
Serum Haptoglobins
Indirect bilirubin
How can you tell if bacteria in the urine of elderly women is signficant?
WBC >300
Other symptoms
How long would you expect fever to persist in a patient with acute pyelonephritis that is apropriately treated?
72 hours
What are some common sources of infection for septic arthritis?
Haematogenous spread secondary to:
Skin infections
UTIs
IVDU
Which antibiotics put people at particularly high risk for C. difficile infection?
Clindamycin
Quinolones
3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins
Augmentin duofort
What is platypnea and why does it occur?
SOB that is relieved upon lying
Weakened abdominal muscles cause lowering of the diaphragm which is improved with pressure from the abdominal organs below
