Common Dermatological Conditions Flashcards
What is rhinophyma?
Tissue hypertrophy as a complication of rosacea
What is rosacea?
Patchy erythema of the face due to overactive blood vessels in the face which can be triggered by a number of factors including sunlight, alcohol, spicy foods
What type of psoriasis is a medical emergency?
Generalised pustular psoriasis
What is the most common organism to infect eczematous lesions?
Staphylococcus aureus
Briefly outline the pathophysiology of eczema?
Genetic predisposition causes reduced barrier function of the skin upon which triggers like irritants, soap or heat act to cause eczema
What is a blackhead?
Open comedone containing oxidised sebum
What type of psoriasis is often preceeded by a streptococcal infection?
Guttate psoriasis
What is the most common cause of erythroderma?
Eczema
What is the pathophysiology of acne?
Abnormal keratinisation of sebaceous duct
Colonisation with bacteria - proprionobacterium acnes
Overproduction of sebum
Inflammation
How do you treat rosacea?
Avoid triggers
Laser therapy
Topical/systemic antibiotics if required
Systemic isotretinoin
What is erythroderma?
Inflammatory erythema and scaling affecting the whole body
How do you treat eczema?
Topical steroids if mild
Systemic steroids if required
Systemic antibiotics if infected
Light therapy
What are some clinical features of psoriasis?
Extensor aspect
Silvery scale
Symmetrical
Well demarcated
May be itchy
When does lichenification occur?
When eczematous lesions are scratched
What is pompholyx?
Vesicular hand and foot eczema
When does acne cause scarring?
When inflammation extends into dermis and disrupts dermal structures
How do you treat psorisis?
Topical treatments - Steroids, tar, calcipotriol, dithranol, keratinolytics, emollients
Phototherapy
Systemic - immunosuppressors
What is roaccutane?
A systemic retinoid called isotretinoin
Why is eczema herpeticum a medical emergency?
Because corneal scarring can occur
How can you treat acne?
Topical therapies - Antibiotics and/or comedolytics (eg retinoic acid or salicylic acids)
Systemic - systemic antibiotics or retinoids or anti-androgens
What are some clinical features of eczema?
Itchy - worse with itching
Erythematous
Diffuse
Flexural - thinnest skin
Worse in winter (dry) and summer (heat)
What infections commonly complicate psoriasis?
Yeast infections
What is discoid eczema?
Circular disc pattern that mimic psoriasis and yeast infection
Responses to topical steroids
What is asteatotic eczema?
Eczema characterised by pruritic, dry, cracked, and polygonally fissured skin with irregular scaling. It most commonly occurs on the shins of elderly patients, but it may occur on the hands and the trunk.
(medscape)
What is eczema herpeticum?
Eczema with a secondary herpes infection
What type of joint pathologies can occur in psoriasis?
Oligoarthritis
Distal symetrical polyarthritis
Ankylosing spondyling
Rheumatoid like
Arthritis mutilans
What are the two types of rosacea? How are they different?
Vascular - Flashing, erythema
Inflammatory - papules, pustules
