MTT 1700-1900 Flashcards
what is spontaneous generation
thought that germs were caused by decaying matter
what were developed by 1700
microscopes and by 1850 they had improved so extreme;y tiny images could be seen
when was germ theory produced and who by
1861 by Louis pasteur
what was germ theory
Pasteur showed spontaneous generation was wrong and proved germs in the air caused decay so theorised germs caused disease
how did koch improve pasteurs work
read his work and began to study microbes
he proved pasteur was right
what specific microbes did koch identify
TB in 1882
cholera in 1883
what else did koch do
developed a new, easier way of growing bacteria on agar gel
he discovered chemical dyes stained bacteria which made them easier to see
why did Pasteurs work not have a huge impact at first
he was not a doctor and his work focused on food and drink instead of disease
most people still believed in spontaneous generation
why did kochs work have more of an impact
he inspired others to research microbes
but it took time for people to accept germ theory
who was florence nightingale
significasnt in influencing improvements in hospital care
what did nightingale do
lead a team of nurses in the military during crimean war (1854-56)
believed in miasma so emphasised fresh air, hygiene and training for nurses
how did nightingales work spread
widely reported in newspapers and she published books on nursing
how did hospitals change after nightingale
cleanliness and organisation improved
nurses were better trained
infirmaries were set up for the poorest
what 3 main things made surgery so dangerous
blood loss, pain and infection
how were anaesthetics developed
before 1800- alcohol and opium were used but had little success
laughing gas was then used
1846 - ester made patients unconscious and it lasted a long time but it was flammable and made patients cough
chloroform - very effective but fatal if the dose was wrong
draw a flow diagram of development of anti septics
how did listers work lead to aseptic surgery
inspired others to search for methods to prevent the spread of infection
by 1900 operating theatres were thoroughly cleaned and surgeons wore sterilised clothes
what were some reasons for opposition against anaesthetics
people worried about the long term effects and thought that being unconscious killed people
people were religious so thought god inflicted pain for a reason so interferring was bad
what were the impacts of anaesthetics and anti septics
surgey became pain free and patients didnt struggle
surgeons could take there time and be careful
complex surgeries became possible
reduced infection
