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Intro to Pharmacology > MT1 - Review - Definitions > Flashcards

MT1 - Review - Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Pharmacology

A

Science dealing with the fates of drugs in the body and their biological actions within it

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2
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

Study of how drugs act; emphasis on mechanisms

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3
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

Study of how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes drugs; calculations of various rates to bring about a quantitative component to assessing drug action

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4
Q

Pharmacotherapeutics

A

Use of drugs to treat disorders; emphasis on clinical management

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5
Q

Pharmacoeconomics

A

Study of cost-effectiveness of drug treatments

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6
Q

Pharmacoepidemiology

A

Effect of drugs on populations; emphasis on genetics

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7
Q

Generic name

A

Common name used by all

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8
Q

Trivial name

A

common name that is less official than the generic name

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9
Q

Trade name

A

Name given to the drug by a pharmaceutical company

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10
Q

Chemical name

A

Name based on a standardized and systematized nomenclature

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11
Q

Dosage form

A

Physical form (way of identifying) of the drug. Used to allow effective delivery of the active compound to the patient

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12
Q

Active drug component

A

Compounds used with the intention of providing biological effects
- one or multiple compounds

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13
Q

Non-drug components

A

Compounds used with the intention to provide:

  • stability
  • desirable colour/form
  • necessary characteristics to deliver the active compound(s)
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14
Q

Route of administration

A

The way that a drug is introduced into the body

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15
Q

Enteral administration

A

Absorption from the GI tract
- oral ingestion
Most common route of administration

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16
Q

Acid

A

Proton donor

- substance that can dissociate to form H+ and a conjugate base

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17
Q

Base

A

Proton acceptor

-substance that can accept a proton to form a conjugate acid

18
Q

Solubility

A

Physical property of a solid, liquid of gaseous chemical substance called a solute to dissolve in a solid, liquid or gaseous solvent to form a homogeneous solution of the solute in the solven

19
Q

Saturation concentration

A

Extend of solubility of a substance

Point at which addition of extra solute will not increase the concentration of the solution

20
Q

Partition coefficient

A

Ratio of concentrations of a compound in two phases of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium

21
Q

Covalent bonds

A

Characterized by sharing of electron pairs between atoms

22
Q

Ionic/electrostatic bonds

A

Characterized by transferring valence electrons

23
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

attractive forces that vary in strength

  • are weaker than ionic interactions but stronger the VdW interactions
  • DO NOT FORM ACTUAL BONDS
24
Q

Van der Waals interactions

A

Also called hydrophobic interactions

- sum of attractive and repulsive forces between molecules

25
Q

Isomers

A

Compounds with an identical molecular formula but different structural formula

26
Q

Pharmacophore

A

Collection of functional groups that interact with a specific target that give a similar biological effect

27
Q

Compliance

A

Degree to which a patient correctly follows medical advice

28
Q

Kinetics of pharmacokinetics

A

variation in drug concentration with time

29
Q

Absorption

A

Process of incorporation of a drug into the bloodstream

Movement of a drug from the site of administration to the central compartment

30
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Invagination of part of the cell membrane to form vacuoles

31
Q

First pass metabolism

A

Phenomenon of drug metabolism whereby the concentration of a drug is greatly reduced before it reaches the systemic circulation

32
Q

Bioavailability

A

Fraction of unchanged drug in the systemic circulation

33
Q

Reabsorption

A

Process of re-incorporating a drug into the bloodstream by excreting organs

34
Q

Distribution

A

Movement of a drug from the bloodstream into:

  • various tissues around the body
  • the site of target tissues/cells
35
Q

Compartmentalization

A

Each organ/tissue contains different biomolecules and cell types that could affect the distribution (retention) of a drug

36
Q

Imaginary bodily parts model

A

A study model to understand how drugs distribute, once they are absorbed

37
Q

Apparent volume of distribution

A

Hypothetical volume of fluid into which a drug distributes

38
Q

Perfusion-limited

A

Used in describing the lack or slowness of drug action due to the target organ’s low perfusion rate

39
Q

Permeability-limited

A

Used in describing the lack or slowness of drug action due to the drug’s ability to move across the biological membrane to target organs/sites

40
Q

Drug

A

chemical compounds with biological/therapeutic properties

Intro to Pharmacology (23 decks)

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