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medical terminology > mt midterm rev. chp6 > Flashcards

mt midterm rev. chp6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cardiologists

A

medical doctors who specialize in disorders of the cardiovascular systemn

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2
Q

cardiovascular surgeon

A

are surgeons who specialize in surgery of the heart and the peripheral blood vessels

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3
Q

cardiovascular technologists

A

and technicians assist physicians in diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disorders

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4
Q

vascular technologists

A

are practitioners who assist physicians by performing diagnostic and monitoring procedures using ultrasound

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5
Q

cardiac sonogrpahers

A

aka echocardiographers are technologists who use ultrasound to observe the heart chambers, valves and blood vessels

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6
Q

phlebotomists

A

or phlebotomy technicians assist physicians by drawing patient blood samples for laboratory testing

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7
Q

perfusionists

A

highly trained healthcare professionals who use the heart-lung machine during cardiac and other surgeries requiring cardiopulmonary bypass

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8
Q

CPR

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

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9
Q

CVT

A

cardiovascular technologist

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10
Q

ECG

A

electrocardiogram

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11
Q

ed

A

emergency department

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12
Q

ekg

A

electrocardiogram

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13
Q

dob

A

difficulty of breathing

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14
Q

stat

A

immediately

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15
Q

cardiac

A

pertaining to the heart

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16
Q

cardiology

A

medical specialty of diseases of the heart

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17
Q

cardiopulmonary resusctiation

A

the attempt to restore cardiac and pulmonary function

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18
Q

cardiovascular

A

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

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19
Q

diaphoresis

A

sweat, perspiration

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20
Q

diaphoretic

A

pertaining to sweat or perspiration

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21
Q

electrocardiogram

A

record the electrical signals of the heart

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22
Q

electrocardiograph

A

machine that produces the electrocardiogram

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23
Q

electrocardiography

A

the method of recording and interpretation of electrocardiograms

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24
Q

electrode

A

a device for conducting electricity

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25
Q

mediastinum

A

area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, vanae cavae, esophagus, and trachea

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26
Q

perfusion

A

the act of forcing blood to flow through a lumen or vascular bed

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27
Q

phlebotomist

A

person skilled in taking blood from veins

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28
Q

phlebotomy

A

withdrawing blood from a vein via a needle or catherter

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29
Q

sternum

A

long, flat bone forming the center and anterior wall of the chest

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30
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space within the chest containing the lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, aorta, vanae cavae, and pulmonary vessels

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31
Q

aorta

A

main trunk of systemic arterial system

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32
Q

coronary circulation

A

blood vessels supplying the heart muscle

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33
Q

endocardium

A

the inside lining of the heart

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34
Q

endocardial

A

pertaining to the endocardium

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35
Q

epicardium

A

outer layer of heart wall

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36
Q

epicardial

A

pertaining to the epicardium

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37
Q

infarct

A

area of cell death resulting from an infarction

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38
Q

infarction

A

sudden arterial blockage

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39
Q

ischemia

A

lack of blood supply to a tissue

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40
Q

ischemic

A

pertaining to or affected by the lack of blood supply to a tissue

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41
Q

myocardium

A

muscular layer of the heart

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42
Q

myocardial

A

pertaining to heart muscle

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43
Q

necrosis

A

pathologic death of cells or tissue

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44
Q

necrotic

A

pertaining to or affected by necrosis

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45
Q

pericardium

A

the double layer of membranes surrounding the heartp

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46
Q

pericardial

A

pertaining to the pericardium

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47
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs and their blood supply

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48
Q

atrium

A

chamber where blood enters the heart on both right and left sides

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49
Q

atrial

A

pertaining to the atrum

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50
Q

biscuspid

A

having two points, a bicuspid heart valve has two flaps

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51
Q

interatrial

A

between the hearts atria

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52
Q

interventricular

A

between the hearts ventricles

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53
Q

septum

A

thin wall dividing two cavities

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54
Q

tricuspid

A

having three points, a tricuspid heart valve has three flaps

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55
Q

ventricle

A

chamber of the heart (pumps blood) or a cavity in the brain

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56
Q

arrhythmia

A

condition when the heart rhythm is abnormal

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57
Q

atrioventricular

A

pertaining to both the atrium and the ventricle

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58
Q

bradycardia

A

condition of a slow heart beat

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59
Q

diastole

A

dilation of heart cavities, during which they fill with blood

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60
Q

dysthythmia

A

abnormal heart rhythm

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61
Q

murmur

A

abnormal heart sound heard with a stethoscope when a valve closes or opens abnormally

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62
Q

sinoatrial node

A

pacemaker for heart rhythm

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63
Q

sinus rhythm

A

normal and optimal heart rhythm arising from SA node

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64
Q

tachycardia

A

condition of rapid heart beat

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65
Q

vital signs

A

procedure during normal physical exam in which temp, pulse, respiration, blood pressure, are measured to assess general health + cardiorespiratory function

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66
Q

cardioversion

A

restoration of a normal heart rhythm by electrical shock or medication

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67
Q

defibbrilation

A

restoration of normal cardiac activity in life threatening arrhythmias

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68
Q

fibrillation

A

uncontrolled quivering or twitching of heart muscles

69
Q

defibrillator

A

instrument for defibrillation

70
Q

implantable

A

device that can be inserted into tissues

71
Q

pacemaker

A

device regulating cardiac electrical activity

72
Q

palpitation

A

forcible and rapid beat of the heart felt by patient

73
Q

cardiomegaly

A

enlargement of the heart

74
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of the heart muscle

75
Q

cor pulmonale

A

right sided heart failure arising from chronic lung disease

76
Q

endocarditis

A

inflammation of the lining of the heart

77
Q

exudate

A

fluid that has passed out of a tissue or capillaries as a result of inflammation or injury

78
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in size, but not in number of an individual tissue element

79
Q

incompetence

A

failure of a valve to close completely

80
Q

insufficiency

A

lack of completeness of function eg. a heart valve that fails to close properly

81
Q

myocarditis

A

inflammation of the heart muscle

82
Q

pericarditis

A

inflammation of the pericardium, the covering of the heart

83
Q

prolapse

A

organ slipping out of its normal position

84
Q

prosthesis

A

manufactured substitute for the missing or diseased part of a body

85
Q

prosthetic

A

pertaining to a prosthesis

86
Q

regurgitate

A

to flow backwards

87
Q

stenosis

A

narrowing of a canal or passage

88
Q

tamponade

A

pathologic compression of an organ like the heart

89
Q

anoxia

A

without oxygen

90
Q

anoxic

A

pertaining to or suffering from lack of oxygen

91
Q

arterosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries

92
Q

asystole

A

absense of contractions in the heart

93
Q

atheroma

A

fatty deposit in the lining of an artery

94
Q

atherectomy

A

surgical removal of the atheroma

95
Q

atherosclerosis

A

hardening of the arteries due to atheroma

96
Q

cardiogenic

A

of cardiac origin

97
Q

hypovolemia

A

decreased blood volume in body

98
Q

hypovolemic

A

pertaining to or suffering from as low blood volume in the body

99
Q

occlude

A

to close, plug, or completely obstruct

100
Q

occlusion

A

complete obstruction

101
Q

substernal

A

under (behind) the sternum or breastbone

102
Q

coarctation

A

constriction or stenosis particularly of the aorta

103
Q

congenital

A

present at birth, either inherited or due to an event during gestation up to the moment of birth

104
Q

cyanosis

A

blue discoloration of the skin, lips, and nail beds due to low blood oxygen levels

105
Q

hypertension

A

high arterial blood pressure

106
Q

hypotentsion

A

low arterial blood pressue

107
Q

idiopathic

A

pertaining to a disease of unknown etiology

108
Q

patent ductus arteriosus

A

open, direct channel between the aorta and the pulmonary artery in the newborn

109
Q

syndrome

A

combination of signs and symptoms associated with a particular disease process

110
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

set of four congenital heart defects occuring together

111
Q

ablation

A

removal of a tissue to destroy its function

112
Q

angiogram

A

radiography obtained after injection of radiopaque contrast material into blood vessles

113
Q

angiography

A

radiography of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

114
Q

angioplasty

A

repair of unblocking of blood vessel through surgert

115
Q

catheter

A

hollow tube to allow passage of fluid into or out of a body cavity, organ, or vessel

116
Q

catheterize

A

to introduce a catheter

117
Q

catherterization

A

introduction of a catheter

118
Q

echocardiography

A

ultrasound recording of heart function

119
Q

lipoprotein

A

bonding of molecules of fat and protein

120
Q

percutaneous

A

passage through the skin, in this case, by needle puncture

121
Q

stent

A

wire-mesh tube used to keep arteries open

122
Q

thrombus

A

clot attached to a diseased blood vessel or heart lining

123
Q

thrombolytic

A

able to dissolve or break up a blood clot

124
Q

thrombolysis

A

dissolving of a thrombus

125
Q

triglyceride

A

lipid containing three fatty acids

126
Q

antiarrhythmic

A

pertaining to restoring a normal cardiac rhythm

127
Q

anticoagulant

A

substance that prevents clotting

128
Q

chronotropic

A

affecting the rate of rhythmic movements, in this case being the heart rate

129
Q

duretic

A

agent increasing urine output

130
Q

inotropic

A

affecting the contracility of cardiac muscle

131
Q

lipid

A

general term for fatty compounds

132
Q

pressor

A

producing increased blood pressure

133
Q

sublingual

A

underneath the tongue

134
Q

vasoconstrictor

A

aqgent reducing the diameter of a blood vessel

135
Q

vasodilator

A

agent increasing diameter of a blood vessel

136
Q

artery

A

thick walled blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood away from the heart

137
Q

claudication

A

intermittent leg pain and limping

138
Q

doppler

A

diagnostic instrument that sends an ultrasonic beam into the body

139
Q

hemodynamics

A

science of the blood flow through the circulation

140
Q

varix

A

dilated, tortuous vein

141
Q

varicose

A

characterized by or affected with varices

142
Q

vein

A

blood vessel carrying blood toward the heart

143
Q

venous

A

pertaining to a vein

144
Q

venogram

A

radiograph of veins after injection of radiopaque contrast material

145
Q

arteriole

A

small terminal artery leading to the capillary netwrok

146
Q

brachial

A

pertaining to the arm

147
Q

capillary

A

minute blood vessel between the arterial and venous systems

148
Q

diffuse

A

to disseminate or spread out

149
Q

homeostasis

A

maintaining the stability of the bodies internal invironment

150
Q

palpate

A

to examine with the fingers and hands

151
Q

sphymomanometer

A

instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure

152
Q

stethoscope

A

instrument for listening to respiratory and cardiac sounds

153
Q

vena cava

A

one of the two largest veins in the body

154
Q

vanae cavae

A

the two largest veins in the body

155
Q

venule

A

small vein leading from the capillary network

156
Q

aneurysm

A

circumscribed dilation of an artery or cardiac chamber

157
Q

claudication

A

intermittent leg pain and limping

158
Q

collateral

A

situated at the side, often to bypass an obstruction

159
Q

edema

A

excessive accumulation of fluid in cells and tissues

160
Q

edematous

A

pertaining to or marked by edema

161
Q

pitting edema

A

edema that maintains indentations made by applying pressure to the area for a time

162
Q

embolus

A

something blocking a blood vessel

163
Q

peripheral

A

pertaining to the periphery or an external boundary

164
Q

phlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein

165
Q

thromboembolism

A

a piece of detached blood clot (embolus) blocking a distant blood vessel

166
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein with a clot formation

167
Q

thrombus

A

a clot attached to a diseased blood vessel or heart lining

168
Q

thrombosis

A

formation of a thrombus

169
Q
A

medical terminology (7 decks)

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