mt Flashcards
the glomerular filtration barrier is composed of
capillary endothelium, podocytes, and basement membrane
the glucose renal threshold is 160-180- mg/dl. this represents the:
maximum range of glucose reabsorption in the renal tubule
aldosterone is involved in _____ reabsorption and is released by the ____ of the adrenal cortex
sodium/ zona glomerulosa
the order of cast degradations
cellular, granular, wazy
green brown urine would be expected to co-exist with physical exam finding
murphy’s sign (gall bladder)
presence of bilirubin in the urine?
liver or gall bladder (binary) disease
direct bilirubin is considered conjugated or water soluble
true
bilirubin comes from ?
breakdown of hemoglobin
condition that causes increased urobilinogen?
hemolytic anemie, liver disease, hemolysis, intestinal obstruction
numbness, tingling in both legs, fat, UTI’s, constant thirst,
based on urinalysis, whats the diagnosis?
diabetes mellitus
numbness, tingling in both legs, fat, UTI’s, constant thirst.
where is the problem?
down regulation of receptors
what accounts for ketones in urine?
incomplete fat metabolism to make acetyl CoA for TCA
back pain, fatigue, frequent urination, what would a positive Beta HCG
- she has primary amenorrhea,
- these findings are consistent with the cause of the elevation of HCG,
- there is no clinical intervention needed at this time.
Renin is released by the ____ cells of the kidney in response to volume ______
juxtaglomerular/depletion
which of the following is necessary for the formation of crystals that lead to this condition?
upper lumbar lower dorsal pain, goes around flank to groin, needs to drink more water, eats lots of meat and fast food, smokes 1-1.5 packs a day, BMI 33
- Specific gravity above 1.030
- low PH (below 7)
where does ADH work in the kidney?
the cortical collecting tubule and the collecting duct
where in the urinary tract is marco’s problem
neck pain,bloody urine, sore throat.
in the kidney
what is marcos problem
neck pain,bloody urine, sore throat.
Glomerulonephritis (RBCs)
problem with too many abc’s?
pyelonephritis, leukocytouria
if marco’s specific gravity is fixed at current level, what does that indicate?
that he is dehydrated
what is her problem?
WBC, Pos nitrite (bacteria), RBC, flank/back pain, painful urination, fever
pyelonephritis (WBC’s give it away)
what organism is the most likely bacteria in this specimen?
WBC, Pos nitrite (bacteria), RBC, flank/back pain, painful urination, fever
E. Coli
where in the urinary system is the problem?
WBC, Pos nitrite (bacteria), RBC, flank/back pain, painful urination, fever
in the ureters
at what ph would you expect to find e-coli in the urine specimen?
7.24 (basic)
what is diagnosis?
headaches short of breath, generalized edema and ascites, protein +3, ph 5.5, cholesterol crystals, fatty waxy casts
nephrotic syndrome
protein and fatty cast are dead give aways
which is possible precursor to condition?
headaches short of breath, generalized edema and ascites, protein +3, ph 5.5, cholesterol crystals, fatty waxy casts
glomerulonephritis
problem in an individual usually an infant, where they cannot metabolize branch chain amino acids is called?
maple syrup urine disease
what is the cause of the problem?`
lbp, h shaped vertebrae (renoylds sign), chest pain upon exertion, joint pain, african decent, amber/ orange urine,elevated urobilinogen
genetic
what is the cause of increased urobilinogen?
increased RBC destruction
what findings on physical exam are likely to be present on this patient during percussion of the abdomen?
splenomegaly
hepatomegaly
what is the origin of the problem?
neck pain, headache,, bitemporal hemianopsia, urinates up to 20 times a day, PH 5.5, color= straw, specific gravity =1.002
in the cortical collecting tubules
ADH
what is the problem?
neck pain, headache,, bitemporal hemianopsia, urinates up to 20 times a day, PH 5.5, color= straw, specific gravity =1.002
diabetes insidious
cushings involves Glucose in urine and polyuria
what history and lab values lead to this diagnosis?
neck pain, headache,, bitemporal hemianopsia, urinates up to 20 times a day, PH 5.5, color= straw, specific gravity =1.002
low specific gravity and glucose
what is the diagnosis?
pelvic pain, prostitutes, red itchy painful bumps around groin, comes during high stress, ph = 6, RBC is high, high WBC, heavy bacteria, amorphous crystals
lower UTI concomitant with a virus
to what may we attribute their problem?
pelvic pain, prostitutes, red itchy painful bumps around groin, comes during high stress, ph = 6, RBC is high, high WBC, heavy bacteria, amorphous crystals
venereal disease (STD)/ unprotected sex/ poor choices
with all the symptoms what would you suspect the causative agent is and what explains the periods of exacerbation and remission?
pelvic pain, prostitutes, red itchy painful bumps around groin, comes during high stress, ph = 6, RBC is high, high WBC, heavy bacteria, amorphous crystals
herpes/viral/dorsal root ganglion
which of the following is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis?
vomiting (loss of H+)
if a patient has RBC casts, mild to moderate proteinuria, and NO pittng edema you suspect?
nephritic
if patient has fatty casts and 3.5 or mor grams of protein and pitting edema you would suspect?
nephrotic syndrome
where is ADH made?
Hypothalamus
which value would be low in a patient with gout?
triple phosphate
which of the following would make you suspect GMN in a urine sample?
protein
what is the most immediate threat to the uncontrolled DM patient?
GMN
ketones in the urine specimen in the absence of glucose tend to be indicative of which of the following?
lbp for a week, losing weight over the last 2 months, specific gravity=1.017, PH=6.5,elevated ketones
starvation or fasting
since the patient is not dieting which of the following must be consideration in the differential diagnosis?
lbp for a week, losing weight over the last 2 months, specific gravity=1.017, PH=6.5,elevated ketones
cancer
which of the following could explain the patients lab findings if it were included in the history?
patient is on the adkins diet
which condition present with the inability to metabolize branched chain amino acids?
maple syrup urine disease
elevated HCG levels in the 24 hour urine specimen may indicate which of the following?>
pregnancy
