mt

Question 1

the glomerular filtration barrier is composed of

Answer 1

capillary endothelium, podocytes, and basement membrane

Question 2

the glucose renal threshold is 160-180- mg/dl. this represents the:

Answer 2

maximum range of glucose reabsorption in the renal tubule

Question 3

aldosterone is involved in _____ reabsorption and is released by the ____ of the adrenal cortex

Answer 3

sodium/ zona glomerulosa

Question 4

the order of cast degradations

Answer 4

cellular, granular, wazy

Question 5

green brown urine would be expected to co-exist with physical exam finding

Answer 5

murphy’s sign (gall bladder)

Question 6

presence of bilirubin in the urine?

Answer 6

liver or gall bladder (binary) disease

Question 7

direct bilirubin is considered conjugated or water soluble

Answer 7

true

Question 8

bilirubin comes from ?

Answer 8

breakdown of hemoglobin

Question 9

condition that causes increased urobilinogen?

Answer 9

hemolytic anemie, liver disease, hemolysis, intestinal obstruction

Question 10

numbness, tingling in both legs, fat, UTI’s, constant thirst,

based on urinalysis, whats the diagnosis?

Answer 10

diabetes mellitus

Question 11

numbness, tingling in both legs, fat, UTI’s, constant thirst.

where is the problem?

Answer 11

down regulation of receptors

Question 12

what accounts for ketones in urine?

Answer 12

incomplete fat metabolism to make acetyl CoA for TCA

Question 13

back pain, fatigue, frequent urination, what would a positive Beta HCG

Answer 13

• she has primary amenorrhea,
• these findings are consistent with the cause of the elevation of HCG,
• there is no clinical intervention needed at this time.

Question 14

Renin is released by the ____ cells of the kidney in response to volume ______

Answer 14

juxtaglomerular/depletion

Question 15

which of the following is necessary for the formation of crystals that lead to this condition?

upper lumbar lower dorsal pain, goes around flank to groin, needs to drink more water, eats lots of meat and fast food, smokes 1-1.5 packs a day, BMI 33

Answer 15

• Specific gravity above 1.030

- low PH (below 7)

Question 16

where does ADH work in the kidney?

Answer 16

the cortical collecting tubule and the collecting duct

Question 17

where in the urinary tract is marco’s problem

neck pain,bloody urine, sore throat.

Answer 17

in the kidney

Question 18

what is marcos problem

neck pain,bloody urine, sore throat.

Answer 18

Glomerulonephritis (RBCs)

Question 19

problem with too many abc’s?

Answer 19

pyelonephritis, leukocytouria

Question 20

if marco’s specific gravity is fixed at current level, what does that indicate?

Answer 20

that he is dehydrated

Question 21

what is her problem?

WBC, Pos nitrite (bacteria), RBC, flank/back pain, painful urination, fever

Answer 21

pyelonephritis (WBC’s give it away)

Question 22

what organism is the most likely bacteria in this specimen?

WBC, Pos nitrite (bacteria), RBC, flank/back pain, painful urination, fever

Answer 22

E. Coli

Question 23

where in the urinary system is the problem?

WBC, Pos nitrite (bacteria), RBC, flank/back pain, painful urination, fever

Answer 23

in the ureters

Question 24

at what ph would you expect to find e-coli in the urine specimen?

Answer 24

7.24 (basic)

Question 25

what is diagnosis? headaches short of breath, generalized edema and ascites, protein +3, ph 5.5, cholesterol crystals, fatty waxy casts

Answer 25

nephrotic syndrome | protein and fatty cast are dead give aways

Question 26

which is possible precursor to condition? headaches short of breath, generalized edema and ascites, protein +3, ph 5.5, cholesterol crystals, fatty waxy casts

Answer 26

glomerulonephritis

Question 27

problem in an individual usually an infant, where they cannot metabolize branch chain amino acids is called?

Answer 27

maple syrup urine disease

Question 28

what is the cause of the problem?` lbp, h shaped vertebrae (renoylds sign), chest pain upon exertion, joint pain, african decent, amber/ orange urine,elevated urobilinogen

Answer 28

genetic

Question 29

what is the cause of increased urobilinogen?

Answer 29

increased RBC destruction

Question 30

what findings on physical exam are likely to be present on this patient during percussion of the abdomen?

Answer 30

splenomegaly | hepatomegaly

Question 31

what is the origin of the problem? neck pain, headache,, bitemporal hemianopsia, urinates up to 20 times a day, PH 5.5, color= straw, specific gravity =1.002

Answer 31

in the cortical collecting tubules | ADH

Question 32

what is the problem? neck pain, headache,, bitemporal hemianopsia, urinates up to 20 times a day, PH 5.5, color= straw, specific gravity =1.002

Answer 32

diabetes insidious | cushings involves Glucose in urine and polyuria

Question 33

what history and lab values lead to this diagnosis? neck pain, headache,, bitemporal hemianopsia, urinates up to 20 times a day, PH 5.5, color= straw, specific gravity =1.002

Answer 33

low specific gravity and glucose

Question 34

what is the diagnosis? pelvic pain, prostitutes, red itchy painful bumps around groin, comes during high stress, ph = 6, RBC is high, high WBC, heavy bacteria, amorphous crystals

Answer 34

lower UTI concomitant with a virus

Question 35

to what may we attribute their problem? pelvic pain, prostitutes, red itchy painful bumps around groin, comes during high stress, ph = 6, RBC is high, high WBC, heavy bacteria, amorphous crystals

Answer 35

venereal disease (STD)/ unprotected sex/ poor choices

Question 36

with all the symptoms what would you suspect the causative agent is and what explains the periods of exacerbation and remission? pelvic pain, prostitutes, red itchy painful bumps around groin, comes during high stress, ph = 6, RBC is high, high WBC, heavy bacteria, amorphous crystals

Answer 36

herpes/viral/dorsal root ganglion

Question 37

which of the following is the most common cause of metabolic alkalosis?

Answer 37

vomiting (loss of H+)

Question 38

if a patient has RBC casts, mild to moderate proteinuria, and NO pittng edema you suspect?

Answer 38

nephritic

Question 39

if patient has fatty casts and 3.5 or mor grams of protein and pitting edema you would suspect?

Answer 39

nephrotic syndrome

Question 40

where is ADH made?

Answer 40

Hypothalamus

Question 41

which value would be low in a patient with gout?

Answer 41

triple phosphate

Question 42

which of the following would make you suspect GMN in a urine sample?

Answer 42

protein

Question 43

what is the most immediate threat to the uncontrolled DM patient?

Answer 43

GMN

Question 44

ketones in the urine specimen in the absence of glucose tend to be indicative of which of the following? lbp for a week, losing weight over the last 2 months, specific gravity=1.017, PH=6.5,elevated ketones

Answer 44

starvation or fasting

Question 45

since the patient is not dieting which of the following must be consideration in the differential diagnosis? lbp for a week, losing weight over the last 2 months, specific gravity=1.017, PH=6.5,elevated ketones

Answer 45

cancer

Question 46

which of the following could explain the patients lab findings if it were included in the history?

Answer 46

patient is on the adkins diet

Question 47

which condition present with the inability to metabolize branched chain amino acids?

Answer 47

maple syrup urine disease

Question 48

elevated HCG levels in the 24 hour urine specimen may indicate which of the following?>

Answer 48

pregnancy