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June Anatomy Exam > MSK Workbooks Lower Limb > Flashcards

MSK Workbooks Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

The Tibia and Fibula are held together by fibrous material called

A

Membrane

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2
Q

Where are the Tibia and Fibula joined

A

Proximal and Distal Aspects

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3
Q

The superior or proximal tibia-fibular joint is what type of synovial joint

A

Plane

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4
Q

The inferior or distal tibia fibular joint is what type of joint

A

Fibrous Joint

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5
Q

What is the anterior bony prominence feel just below knee

A

Tibial Tuberosity

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6
Q

Which tendon attaches onto superior tibial tuberosity

A

Patellar Tendon

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7
Q

What bone makes up medial malleolus

A

Tibia

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8
Q

What bone makes up lateral malleolus

A

Fibula

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9
Q

Dorsiflexion is the movement of the ankle

A

upwards

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10
Q

Plantarflexion is the movement of the ankle

A

Downwards

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11
Q

The anterior compartment muscles of leg do what

A

Dorsiflex Ankle and Extend Toes

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12
Q

What are the four anterior compartment muscles

A

Tibialis Ant
Extensor Digitorum Longus
Extensor Hallucis Longus
FIbularis Tertius

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13
Q

The neuromuscular structures of the leg continue how through popliteal fossa

A

Distal

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14
Q

What are the two divisions of the sciatic nerve

A

Tibial Nerve and Common Fibular nerve

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15
Q

What are the two divisions of popliteal artery as it enters leg

A

Ant Tibial and Pos Tibial

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16
Q

The common fibular nerve divides into

A

Superficial Fibular and Deep Fibular Nerve

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17
Q

Which branch innervates muscles in anterior compartment of thigh?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

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18
Q

The lateral compartment of leg contains which two muscles

A
  1. Fibularis Longus

2. Fibularis Brevis

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19
Q

Muscles in the Lateral compartment of the leg do what to the foot

A

Evert the foot

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20
Q

Muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg do what to the ankle

A

Plantarflex

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21
Q

Which fibular nerve supplies muscles of lateral compartment

A

Superficial Fibular nerve

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22
Q

What is foot drop

A

inability to dorsiflex ankle

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23
Q

A tackle on lateral aspect of leg with footdrop. Which nerve injured

A

deep fibular nerve

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24
Q

The lesser saphenous vein ascends on

A

posterior aspect of leg and drains into vein

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25
Q

The greater saphenous vein ascends on the

A

medial aspect of leg and thigh and drains into femoral vein

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26
Q

The dorsals pedis artery is continuation of which artery

A

Anterior Tibial Artery

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27
Q

Dorsalis pedis pulse is found

A

Between 1st and 2nd Metatarsals

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28
Q

Posterior Tibial pulse is palpated behind the

A

medial malleolus

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29
Q

Posterior Tibial pulse is continuation of

A

Posterior Tibial Artery

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30
Q

The ankle joint is what type of joint

A

Hinge Synovial

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31
Q

The ankle is what type of bone

A

Mortoise

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32
Q

The distal end of tibia and tibia articulate with

A

superior talus

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33
Q

The malleoli grip the talus tightly during movements of

A

ankle

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34
Q

The malleolar grip is strongest during

A

Dorsiflexion of Ankle

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35
Q

The ankle joint is unstable during which movement

A

Plantarflexion

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36
Q

What ligament of ankle joint is weakest

A

Lat Anterior Talofibular

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37
Q

What ligament of ankle joint is named deltoid ligament

A

Medial Lig

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38
Q

During which movements of subtler joint are ankle sprains more common

A

inversion

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39
Q

Where is the popliteal fossa found

A

Posterior knee

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40
Q

What is the relation of popliteal artery to popliteal vein

A

lies medial to it

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41
Q

which muscles form superior boundaries of popliteal fossa

A

medial - semimembranous and semitendinous

Lateral - Biceps femoris

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42
Q

Content of Popliteal Fossa (6)

A
  1. Fat
  2. Common Fibular Nerve
  3. Tibial Nerve
  4. Sural Nerve
  5. Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve
  6. Popliteal Lymph Nodes
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43
Q

The popliteal artery is a continuation of

A

Femoral Artery as it emerges from Adductor Hiatus

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44
Q

Which compartment of the leg is the largest

A

posterior

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45
Q

Which muscle plantar flexes the ankle and essential for walking

A

Gastrocnemius

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46
Q

What nerve innervates gastrocnemius

A

Tibial Nerve s1-s2

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47
Q

What is the strong terminal attachment of gastrocnemius

A

achilles tendon

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48
Q

what inserts onto posterior calcaneus

A

achilles tendon

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49
Q

Which four muscles make up deep compartment of leg

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor Digitorum Longus
  3. Flexor Hallucis Longus
  4. Tibialis Pos
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50
Q

Deep compartment of leg muscles pass where?

A

medially to enter door to the foot

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51
Q

Deep compartment of leg eg muscles pass

A

posterior to medial malleolus

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52
Q

Deep compartment of leg muscles are covered by

A

flexor retinaculum

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53
Q

Which muscles flex toes and or ankle

A
  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor Digitorum Longus
  3. Flexor Hallucis Longus
  4. Tibialis Pos
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54
Q

Which nerve and vessel accompany

  1. Popliteus
  2. Flexor Digitorum Longus
  3. Flexor Hallucis Longus
  4. Tibialis Pos
A

Tibial Nerve

Tibial Artery

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55
Q

Which nerve innervates all the muscles of posterior leg

A

Tibial Nerve

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56
Q

Which branch of the popliteal artery supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Pos Tibial Artery

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57
Q

What acts as a spring when pushing off in normal walking gait

A

Deep Fascial f Foot

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58
Q

Which movements of ankle are achieved at mortise joint of ankle

A

Dorsiflexion and Plantarflexion

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59
Q

Which movements of ankle occur at subtler joint

A

eversion and inversion

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60
Q

What type of joint is talonavicular joint

A

Ball and Socket/Synovial

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61
Q

The foot bones are arranged in which arches

A

Transverse and Longitudinal

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62
Q

Which ligament helps to maintain median longitudinal arch in foot

A

Plantar Calcaneo-Navicular

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63
Q

What are the passive factors of the foot which maintains integrity of foot

A
  1. Shape of United Bones
  2. Plantar Calcaneovaciular Ligament or Spring ligament
  3. Long Plantar Ligament
  4. Short Plantar
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64
Q

What are the dynamic factors of foot which maintains integrity of foot

A
  1. Intrinsic Muscles of Foot
  2. Long Flexor Tendons
  3. Tendon of TIbialis Ant and Fibularis Longus
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65
Q

What is the other name for high arches

A

Pes Cajus

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66
Q

what is the other name for flat feet

A

Pes Planes

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67
Q

What are the two terminal branches of tibial nerve which innervates intrinsic muscles of foot

A

Medial Plantar and Lateral Plantar Nerves

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68
Q

What are the two terminal branches of posterior tibial artery which supplies foot

A

Medial Plantar Artery and Lateral Plantar Artery

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69
Q

What is the longest bone in the body?

A

Femur

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70
Q

Where is the Femur found

A

Thigh

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71
Q

The femoral head articulates with

A

acetabulum of hip to form hip joint

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72
Q

The two hemi-pelvises articulate in midline at…

A

pubic symphysis

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73
Q

The two superficial veins in the lower limb are

A

the great staph vein and lesser staph vein

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74
Q

The great saph vein and lesser staph vein begin as

A

main tributaries from dorsal venous arch of foot ascending superiorly with great staph vein draining into femoral vein at medial aspect of thigh

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75
Q

Where does the great staph vein drain into

A

femoral vein at medial thigh

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76
Q

Which superficial vein ascends anterior to medial malleolus of tibia

A

great saph

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77
Q

which vein ascends posterior to lat malleolus

A

small saph

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78
Q

which superficial vein empties into femoral vein

A

great saph

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79
Q

which superficial vein empties into popliteal vein

A

small saph

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80
Q

What prevents pooling of blood in legs

A

Valves

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81
Q

What happens if valves in leg dilate and become torturous

A

varicose vein

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82
Q

Thrombophelebitis is related to what condition

A

Varicose Vein

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83
Q

The deep veins of lower leg ascend with

A

respective major arteries

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84
Q

What is it called when thrombus becomes dislodged

A

An embolus

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85
Q

The lymphatics in lower leg drain into which 3 groups of nodes

A
  1. Superficial Inguinal
  2. Deep Inguinal
  3. Popliteal
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86
Q

Lymphatic vessels accompanying the great saph vein drain into where

A

superficial inguinal nodes

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87
Q

The lymphatics accompanying the small saphenous vein drain into

A

popliteal lymph nodes

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88
Q

enlargement of inguinal lymph nodes can be caused by

A

infection to any structure lying inferior to umbilicus

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89
Q

Dermatomes of Lower limb sensory supply comes from

A

lumbar and sacral plexus

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90
Q

Which dermatomes supplied by Sacral Plexus

A

Any of the S Dermatomes in Lower Limb

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91
Q

Which dermatome runs behind knee

A

S2

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92
Q

The anterior of the knee is commonly supplied by which dermatome

A

L3

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93
Q

The big toe is commonly supplied by which dermatome

A

L5

94
Q

The little toe is supplied by which dermatome

A

S1

95
Q

The hip joint is what type of joint

A

Ball and Socket Synovial

96
Q

What is the acetabular labrum?

A

Fibrocartilage Collar

97
Q

What are the 3 Main Ligaments of the Hip Joint

A

Ileofemoral, Ischiofemoral and Pubofemoral

98
Q

Which ligament prevents hyperextension of hip

A

Ileofemoral Ligament

99
Q

Which ligament prevents hyper abduction of hip

A

Pubofemoral Ligament

100
Q

Which muscles arise from inner pelvis

A

Psoas Major and Iliacus

101
Q

Iliacus and Psoas major attach onto

A

greater trochanter of femur

102
Q

At which point does iliac and posts major become iliopsoas muscle

A

At greater trochanter of femur

103
Q

Where does Pectineus arise from

A

Pubis

104
Q

Which muscle attaches distally onto femur

A

Pectineus

105
Q

The Iliacus, Psoas Major and Pectineus are supplied by branches from

A

Lumbar Plexus

106
Q

Which 3 muscles are extensor of hip

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
  2. Hamstrings
  3. Posterior Adductor Magnus
107
Q

Which muscle is main extensor of hip

A

Glutei Maximus

108
Q

Which 3 muscles that are hip extensors are supplied by branches from sacral plexus (l4-s3)

A
  1. Gluteus Maximus
  2. Hamstrings
  3. Posterior Adductor Magnus
109
Q

Sacral Plexus runs from where to where

A

L4-S3

110
Q

The Hip Adductor muscles are found where

A

Medial Thigh

111
Q

Adduction of Hip is movement of straightened leg where

A

Inwards crossing axis of other leg

112
Q

Hip Adductors are mostly supplied by

A

Obturator Nerve

113
Q

What are the names of the Hip Adductor Muscles

A 
Pectineus
Femur
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracialis
Vastus Medialis
114
Q

The Sacral Plexus innervates which Hip Adductor muscles

A 
Pectineus
Femur
Adductor Longus
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracialis
Vastus Medialis
115
Q

Which muscle carries out Hip Abduction

A

Deep Gluteal Muscles via attachment to greater trochanter of femur

116
Q

Which muscles are abductors of hip (3)

A

Gluteus Medius and Minimis, Piriformis and Tensor Fascia Latae

117
Q

What is the most superficial and largest muscle of gluteal region

A

Gluteus Maximus

118
Q

Which muscles of hip are essential for normal walking Gait

A

Hip Abductors

  1. Gluteus Medius and Minimis
  2. Piriformis
  3. Tensor Fasciae Latae
119
Q

When you raise on leg off ground what happens to abductors on opposite of pelvis

A

They contract to provide stability

120
Q

The hip abductor compartment is supplied by branches of

A

Lumbosacral Plexus

121
Q

Turning the inside of the foot to face forward requires what movement of hip

A

Internal Rotation of Hip

122
Q

Turning the inside of the foot to face backward requires what movement of hip

A

external rotation of hip

123
Q

Muscles involved in external rotate of hip cross joint on which side

A

Posterior.

124
Q

Muscles involved in external rotate of hip attach onto or around where

A

greater trochanter

125
Q

Which muscles are involved in external hip rotation

A
  1. Piriformis
  2. Obturator Internus
  3. Obturator Externa
  4. Sup and inf Gamelli
  5. Quadratus Femoris
126
Q

Muscles involved in internal rotation of hip cross joint where

A

anterior

127
Q

which muscles are medial rotators of hip

A
  1. Glute Medius
  2. Glute Minimis
  3. Tensor Fascia Lata
128
Q

Muscles of thigh are organised into what three compartments

A

Anterior
Medial
Posterior

129
Q

Which muscle forms main bulk of ant thigh

A

Quad Femoris

130
Q

What are the four heads of Quad Femoris

A
  1. Rectus Femoris
  2. Vastus Lateralis
  3. Vastus Intermedius
  4. Vastus Medius
131
Q

Which nerve innervates anterior thigh muscles

A

Femoral Nerve

132
Q

Femoral Nerve innervates which anterior thigh muscles

A
  1. Rectus Femoris
  2. Vastus Lateralis
  3. Vastus Intermedius
  4. Vastus Medius
133
Q

What is the action of rectus femurs on hip

A

Flexion

134
Q

Where does the quadriceps tendon form

A

Proximal to Patella

135
Q

Distal to patella what does the quad tendon continue as

A

Patellar tendon

136
Q

Where does patellar tendon insert

A

Anterior Tibia

137
Q

To which part of Tibia does Patellar ligament attach

A

Tibial Tuberosity

138
Q

Quadriceps actions

A

Flex Hip

Extend Knee

139
Q

What is the longest muscle in body

A

Sartorius

140
Q

Most superficial muscle in anterior thigh

A

Sartorius

141
Q

Where does Sartorius run from and to

A

Prox Anterior Superior Iliac Spine to Pes Anserinus on Medial Tibia

142
Q

Which three other muscles run from Prox Anterior Superior Iliac Spine to Pes Anserinus on Medial Tibia

A
  1. Sartorius
  2. Gracialis
  3. Semitendinous Muscle
143
Q

3 Actions of Sartorius on Hip

A
  1. Weak flexion
  2. Abduct
  3. Lateral rotate thigh
144
Q

Action of Sartorius at knee

A

Medially Rotate

145
Q

Which action does Sartorius perform at Hip and Knee

A

Flexion

146
Q

How do the muscles in medial compartment of thigh act on hip

A

Adduct

147
Q

Which nerve innervates medially thigh muscles

A

Obturator S2-4

148
Q

Through which bony foramen does nerve that innervates medial thigh enter thigh

A

Obturator

149
Q

Medial Thigh Muscles (3)

A
  1. Pectineus
  2. Adductor Magnus
  3. Adductor Canal
150
Q

What structures pass through adductor canal

A

Femoral Artery and Vein and Saph Nerve

151
Q

Which fossa does Femoral Artery, Vein and Saph Nerve enter after passing through adductor canal

A

Popliteal Fossa

152
Q

Medial Boundary of Femoral Triangle

A

Adductor Longus Muscle

153
Q

Lateral Boundary of Femoral Triangle

A

Sartorius Muscle

154
Q

Which structure forms base of femoral triangle

A

Inguinal Ligament

155
Q

Which muscles form vast proportion of floor of femoral triangle

A

Pectineus

Iliposoas

156
Q

Which three major structures present in femoral triangle

A
  1. Femoral Nerve
  2. Femoral Artery
  3. Femoral Vein
157
Q

The femoral sheath is made up of what type of tissue

A

Connective

158
Q

Lateral femoral sheath compartment

A

Femoral Artery

159
Q

intermediate femoral sheath compartment

A

Femoral Vein

160
Q

medial femoral sheath compartment

A

Femoral Canal

161
Q

Cloquet node is found where

A

Femoral Sheath/Canal

162
Q

Femoral Hernias are more common in

A

Females

163
Q

What is the main artery of lower limb

A

Femoral

164
Q

Where does femoral artery begin

A

inguinal ligament as continuation of ext iliac artery

165
Q

Femoral artery enters thigh midway between which 2 bony surface markings

A

Ant Superior Iliac Spine

Pubic Symphysis

166
Q

What is the deep artery in lower leg

A

Profunda Femoris

167
Q

The femoral vein is continuation of which vein

A

Popliteal

168
Q

the femoral vein passes where before entering femoral triangle

A

proximally

169
Q

The femoral vein becomes which vein as it enters femoral triangle

A

Ext Iliac Vein as it passes under inguinal ligament

170
Q

which two important veins drain into femoral triangle

A

Profunda Femoris and Great Saph Vein

171
Q

What is the largest branch nerve of lumbar plexus

A

Femoral

172
Q

What allows anterior femoral artery to become posterior popliteal artery

A

Adductor Canal

173
Q

Lumbar Plexus roots

A

L1 to L4

174
Q

Where does lumbar plexus emerge through

A

Psoas Major Muscle

175
Q

Which nerves make up lumbar plexus

A

Lat Cutaneous nerve of thigh
Femoral Nerve
Obturator Nerve

176
Q

What are two main motor nerves of lumbar plexus supplying lower limb

A

Obturator

Femoral

177
Q

What is the one main sensory nerve of lumbar plexus

A

Lat Cutaneous Nerve

178
Q

Nerve root value of Obturator and Femoral Nerves in Lumbar Plexus

A

L2-4

179
Q

Nerve root value of lateral cutaneous nerve in lumbar plexus

A

L2-3

180
Q

The pelvic girdle is joined anteriorly by

A

Pubic Symphysis

181
Q

The pelvic girdle is joined posteriorly by

A

Sacroiliac joints

182
Q

which sciatic foramen is route for structures entering or leaving pelvis

A

Greater Sciatic Foramen

183
Q

Which sciatic foramen is a route for structures entering or leaving perineum

A

Lesser Sciatic Foramen

184
Q

Innervation of Gluteus Maximis

A

L5, S1,S2

185
Q

Innervation of Gluteus Medius

A

L4,5,S1

186
Q

Innervation of Gluteus Minimis

A

L4,5,S1

187
Q

Innervation of Tensor Fascia Lata

A

L4,5

188
Q

What action do deep muscles of hip do on hip

A

External rotate, lat rotate and abduct

189
Q

All the gluteus muscles and tensor fasciae latae nerve supply

A

sacral plexus

190
Q

Action of gluteus medius, gluteus minimus and tensor fasciae latae

A

abduct and medially rotate hip

191
Q

The deep fascia of thigh is called

A

Fascia Lata

192
Q

Deep fascia of thigh extends from

A

Front of thigh

193
Q

what is thickened laterally to form iliotibial tract

A

fascia lata

194
Q

which two muscles attach to iliiotibial tract

A

tensor fascia lata and gluteus maximus

195
Q

what provides stabilisation to lateral knee joint

A

ilitotibial tract

196
Q

The sacral plexus lies on which muscle

A

piriformis

197
Q

Sacral plexus formed by union of which ventral rami of spinal nerves

A

L4, L5, S1 to S4

198
Q

The sacral plexus supplies

A

posterior aspect of lower limb plus perineum

199
Q

Two main branches of sacral plexus

A

Main branch to lower limb sciatic nerve

Main branch to perineum: pudental nerve

200
Q

Superior Gluteal nerve root value

A

L4-S1

201
Q

Inferior Gluteal nerve root value

A

L5-S2

202
Q

Muscles supplied by superior gluteal nerve

A

Gluteus Medius and Maximis
Tensor Fasciae Latae
Piriformis

203
Q

Which muscle does inferior gluteal nerve supply

A

Gluteus Maximus

204
Q

What is the largest nerve in body

A

Sciatic

205
Q

Sciatic nerve root values

A

L4-S3

206
Q

Sciatic nerve passes through where

A

Greater Sciatic Foramen inferior to Piriformis behind deep abductors of Hip between Ischial Tuberosity and Greater Trochanter of Femur to posterior enter thigh

207
Q

Sciatic nerve divides at popliteal fossa into

A

Tibial Nerve

Common Fibular Nerve

208
Q

which vertebrae is most common place for sciatica

A

L5

209
Q

Which muscle of hamstrings is most lateral

A

Biceps Femoris

210
Q

Posterior compartment of thigh muscles

A

Semimembranous
Semitendinous
Biceps femoris long head
short head of biceps femoris

211
Q

Semimembranous
Semitendinous
Biceps femoris long head
short head of biceps femoris

all together are termed

A

Hamstrings

212
Q

Action of hamstring on hip

A

Extend Thigh

213
Q

Action of hamstring on knee

A

Flex Leg

214
Q

which nerve innervates posterior thigh

A

Sciatic L3-S3

215
Q

which branch of femoral artery contributes to posterior muscle compartment blood supply

A

Profunda Femoris

216
Q

What type of joint is knee

A

Synovial Hinge

217
Q

What is the most important muscle for knee stabilisation

A

Quads

218
Q

Ligaments of Knee

A

ACL
PCL
Fib Collateral Ligament
Medial Menisci

219
Q

The fibular or lateral collateral ligament extends from

A

Lat Epicondyle of femur to lateral head of fibula

220
Q

The tendon of which muscle passes deep to LDL separating it from lat meniscus

A

Popliteus

221
Q

The tibial or medial collateral ligament extends from

A

medial epicondyle of femur to medial tibia with attachment to superior epicondyle of tibia

222
Q

At it’s midpoint the MCL is attached onto

A

medial meniscus of knee

223
Q

The anterior cruciate ligament prevents femur from sliding

A

posterior on tibia

224
Q

the posterior cruciate ligament prevents femur from sliding

A

anterior on tibia

225
Q

What type of cartilage are knee menisci

A

fibrocartilage

226
Q

Menisci of knee sit directly on

A

articular surfaces of tibia

227
Q

Which meniscus firmly attaches to deep surface of tibia or MCL

A

Medial Menisci

228
Q

What is the largest sesamoid bone in body

A

Patella

229
Q

The patella is an anchor point for which tendon

A

Quad Femorus Tendon Superior

Patella Inferiorly

230
Q

which movement of knee causes patella to move

A

Flexion

231
Q

Which knee bursa communicates with articular cavity of knee joint

A

Suprapatellar Bursa

232
Q

What is housemaid’s knee?

A

Inflammation of Bursa in Knee

June Anatomy Exam (10 decks)

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