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June Anatomy Exam > Kidneys > Flashcards

Kidneys Flashcards

1
Q

How do the kidneys maintain homeostasis?

A

Blood Filtration

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2
Q

The ureters are shorter in

A

Females

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3
Q

Kidneys lie on which gutters

A

Paravertebral

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4
Q

Kidneys lie between which vertebrae

A

T12-L3

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5
Q

Where is the Hilus of the Kidneys found (vertebrae)

A

L1 - Transpyloric Plane

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6
Q

Where does the ureter enter/leave kidney

A

Hilus of the Kidneys - l1

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7
Q

Which other two organs lie on the transpyloric plane

A

Pancreas and Duodenum

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8
Q

What is the renal capsule surrounded by?

A

Fibrous and Fatty Material

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9
Q

Where is the pararnal fatty tissue mainly found

A

Posterior Kidney

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10
Q

Which three muscles are related posterior to kidneys

A

Diaphragm
Psoas Major
Quadratus Lumborum

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11
Q

The Urinary System including kidneys peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

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12
Q

Bladder Peritonised

A

Extraperitoneal

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13
Q

Name two parts of the GI tract which are retroperitoneal

A

Ascending and Descending Colon

Duodenum 2nd and 3rd Parts

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14
Q

Kidneys nerve supply

A

T12-L3

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15
Q

Kidneys parasympathetic nerves come from

A

Vagus nerves

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16
Q

Lymph from kidneys drain to

A

Para aortic at L1

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17
Q

Kidneys develop from which embryological structure

A

Metanephros

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18
Q

Ureter develops from

A

Ureteric Bud

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19
Q

At what vertebral level are paired renal arteries given off from aorta

A

L2

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20
Q

What happens to renal arteries at hilum of kidney

A

They segment

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21
Q

Which vein travels up from the pelvis to drain into left renal vein on left side

A

left Gonadal Vein

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22
Q

Which vein travels up from the pelvis to drain into IVC on right

A

right Gonadal Vein

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23
Q

What structure connects kidney with bladder

A

Ureter

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24
Q

The Proximal portion of ureter lies where

A

Abdo cavity

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25
Q

The distal portion of ureter lies where

A

Pelvic Cavity

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26
Q

The ureter commences as a dilatation called

A

Renal pelvis

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27
Q

As the ureter descends it lies on which muscle

A

posts major

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28
Q

Which way does ureter turn to reach bladder

A

medially

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29
Q

What crosses the ureter superiorly in males

A

Vas deferens

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30
Q

What crosses ureter superiorly in females

A

Uterine Artery

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31
Q

What are the three constrictions of the ureter called

A

Pelvicouretic Junction
Pelvic Brim
Vesicouretic Junction

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32
Q

Which part of the bladder do the ureters enter

A

Trigone

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33
Q

What type of tissue makes up bladder and ureter

A

Transitional Epithelium

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34
Q

Which bony joint is immediately anterior to bladder

A

Pubis

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35
Q

What is the structure that arises from inferior part of bladder and carries urine from bladder to exterior

A

Urethra

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36
Q

Which muscle that ureter lie on

A

Psoas Major

37
Q

Kidney Size and Weight

A

10-12cm

120-170

38
Q

Renal Blood flow amount

A

1200

39
Q

Ureter Length

A

25-30cm

40
Q

Ureter Diameter

A

3-8

41
Q

Ureter passes on medial edge of which muscle which separates it from transverse process

A

Psoas Major

42
Q

Bladder peritonised

A

Extraperitoenal

43
Q

Which is a cardiac cause for renal imaging

A

Hypertension

44
Q

IVU Can show

A

Stones

Tumours

45
Q

What is pyelography

A

contrast into ureters

46
Q

What can micturating cystourethrography show

A

VUJ Reflex

47
Q

Which imaging is the best choice for Stones, Tumours, Haematuria, Staging

A

CT

48
Q

MRU is good for imaging what

A

Developmental conditions in Urinary

49
Q

DMSA Isotope uses

A

Renal Scarring

50
Q

MAG3 Isotope Scan for

A

Renal Function and Draining

51
Q

What can isotope bone scan T99 MDP look for

A

Metastatic bone disease

52
Q

Least helpful scan for renal artery stenosis

A

ultrasound

53
Q

Renal veins drain into

A

IVC

54
Q

Renal Plexus nerve Supply

A

Symp T10-L1

Sensory Afferent T11-L5

55
Q

which nerves posterior to kidney

A

Illiohypogastric and Ilioinguinal

56
Q

Renal Hilum Ant to Pos

A

Vein
Artery
Pelvis

57
Q

Median Umbilical Ligament in Bladder is

A

Embryonic Urachus

58
Q

Two median umbilical folds in bladder are

A

Occluded Umbilical Artery

59
Q

Two lateral umbilical folds in bladder are

A

Inf Epigastric Arteries

60
Q

Transpyloric plane passes through

A

L1

61
Q

Nephron is made up of

A

Corpuscle and Tubule

62
Q

Renal corpuscle is made up of

A

Glomerulus and bowman capsule

63
Q

Bowman Capsule epithelium

A

Simple Squamous

64
Q

Tubules epithelium

A

Cuboidal

65
Q

Lateral margin of kidney shape

A

convex

66
Q

Median Margin of kidney shape

A

concave

67
Q

what are the kidneys related to inferiorly

A

quadratus luborum

68
Q

Renal Cortex is where inner or outer

A

Outer

69
Q

Renal arteries are branches of where

A

Aorta

70
Q

How many segmental branches does the renal artery have

A

5

71
Q

Which nerve supplies micturition

A

Pelvic Splanchic S2-4 Parasympathetic

72
Q

which nerve relaxes internal urethral sphincter

A

Pelvic Splanchic S2-4 Parasympathetic

73
Q

External Urethral Sphincter Innervation

A

Pudental Nerve

74
Q

3 Symptoms/Signs of Renal Tumour

A

Flank Pain
Haematuria
Mass

75
Q

Most Prevalent Renal Tumour

A

Renal Cell Carcinoma (Clear Cell)

76
Q

What percentage of patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma get Mets

A

33%

77
Q

Where does renal cancer spread to

A

Lung, Bone and Liver

78
Q

Which mesoderm forms urinary system

A

Intermediate Mesoderm

79
Q

Allanotis is an outpouching of what

A

Endoderm into Hindgut

80
Q

What does Cloaca divide into

A

Urogenital Sinus Ant and Rectum Posteriorly

81
Q

In which week does intermediate mesoderm become propnephros

A

Week 4

82
Q

Embryology name for definitive kidney

A

Metanephros From week 5

83
Q

When does Metanephros begin to function

A

Week 9

84
Q

Mesonephric Tubules become what

A

Testis

85
Q

Nephron develops from what

A

Metanephric Mesoderm

86
Q

Ureter develops from what

A

Ureteric Bud

87
Q

What embryological structure becomes the bladder

A

urogenital sinus

88
Q

What forms renal pelvis, ureter and calyces and collecting duct

A

Ureteric Bud

89
Q

Final ascent of kidneys hilum position embryological

A

Medial

June Anatomy Exam (10 decks)

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