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June Anatomy Exam > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

what is the name given to the depression in skull where pituitary gland sits

A

Sella Turcica

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2
Q

In the body of which cranial bone does Sella Turcica sit

A

Sphenoid

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3
Q

How is the optic chiasm related to pituitary gland

A

sits on top of it

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4
Q

The pituitary gland is connected to hypothalamus by

A

pituitary stalk

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5
Q

Which pituitary lobe is bigger

A

Anterior

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6
Q

Which pituitary lobe is globular

A

Anterior

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7
Q

function of posterior pituitary gland

A

release neurohormones

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8
Q

Anterior pituitary is (staining)

A

dark staining

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9
Q

Which cells can be identified in Anterior pituitary histology

A

Acidophilic (Stain Pink)
Basophilic (Stain Light Purple)
Chromophobic (pale)

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10
Q

Which cells can be identified in posterior pituitary histology

A

Non Myelinated Axons

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11
Q

What hormone do neurosecretory cells in posterior pituitary secrete

A

ADH and Oxytocin

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12
Q

Name two classes of Acidophils and where they target

A

Somatotrophs - Somatotropin aka GH - Targets Liver/Adipose

Mammotrophs - Prolactin - Mammilary Glands

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13
Q

Name three classes of Basophils and where they target

A

Corticotrophs - ACTH/MSH - Adrenal Cortex
Thyrotrophs - TSH - Thyroid
Gonadotrophs - FSH and LH - Ovaries/Testes

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14
Q

The superior hypophyseal artery enters

A

Hypothalamus

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15
Q

what supplies anterior pituitary gland blood

A

Capillaries from Superior Hypophyseal Artery

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16
Q

Inferior hypophyseal artery supplies

A

Posterior pituitary gland

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17
Q

Inferior and Superior Hypophyseal arteries are branches of

A

Internal carotid artery

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18
Q

How does hypothalamus communicate with anterior pituitary

A

Hypothalmo-Hypophysial Portal System

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19
Q

How does hypothalamus communicate with posterior pituitary

A

Neurosecretory cells via infundibulum

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20
Q

Venous Drainage of Pituitary Gland

A

Hypophysial veins into Cavernous Sinus

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21
Q

Where do hypophyseal veins drain into

A

Cavernous sinus

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22
Q

The thyroid gland is located inferior to

A

larynx

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23
Q

Thyroid gland vertebral level

A

C5-L1 between cartilage and 6th tracheal ring

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24
Q

Isthmus lies opposite which tracheal rings

A

1st and 2nd tracheal rings

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25
Q

what strap muscles overlie thyroid gland

A

Sternothyroid and Sternohyoid

26
Q

Name two nerves that supply muscles of vocal cords

A

Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

Superior Laryngeal Nerve

27
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve runs between

A

Trachea and Oesophagus

28
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve runs between

A

Alongside Superior Thyroid Artery

29
Q

From which major artery in neck does superior thyroid artery arise

A

ECA

30
Q

From which artery does inferior thyroid artery arise

A

Subclav

31
Q

Into which vein does middle thyroid vein drain

A

Int Jug

32
Q

into which vein does superior thyroid vein drain

A

Int Jug

33
Q

into which vein does inferior thyroid vein drain

A

Brachiocephalic

34
Q

Lymph from thyroid drains to

A

Deep Cervical Group

35
Q

Histology of Thyroid Gland: Hormone is bound to what

A

Colloid

36
Q

What kind of cells can be seen in thyroid gland histology

A

clear cells

37
Q

what type of cell can be seen lining follicle in thyroid gland histology

A

follicular

38
Q

what colour does colloid stain

A

pink

39
Q

what do clear/parafillicular/c cells secrete

A

calcitonin

40
Q

Superior parathyroids are situated

A

inferior border of cricoid cartilage

41
Q

Parathyroid gland drains to

A

Internal Jugular Vein

42
Q

What two types of cell present in Parathyroid histology

A

Chief Cells

Oxyphil Cells

43
Q

Pancreas peritonised

A

Retroperitoneal

44
Q

Transpyloric plane is at level of

A

L1

45
Q

what cell types found in islets of langheran

A

Alpha
Beta
Delta
F

46
Q

what does alpha cells secrete

A

glucagon

47
Q

what does beta cells secrete

A

insulin

48
Q

what does delta cells secrete

A

somatostatin

49
Q

what does f cells secrete

A

pancreatic polypeptide

50
Q

Where is Aldosterone secreted

A

Zona Glomerulosa

51
Q

Where is cortisol secreted

A

Zona Fasiculata

52
Q

Where are Androgens secreted

A

Zona Reticularis

53
Q

Neuroectoderm gives rise to which part of suprarenal gland

A

Medulla

54
Q

Mesodermal epithelium gives rise to

A

Cortex

55
Q

Adrenal Gland Superior Blood Supply

A

Inferior phrenic artery

56
Q

Adrenal Gland Middle Blood Supply

A

aorta

57
Q

Adrenal Gland inferior blood supply

A

renal arteries

58
Q

into which vein does suprarenal vein drain on right

A

iVC

59
Q

into which vein does suprarenal vein drain on left

A

renal vein

60
Q

Which bodies can be seen in posterior pituitary histology

A

herring bodies

June Anatomy Exam (10 decks)

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