MSK Extra Flashcards
1
Q
Transverse Fractures happen why
A
Direct Blow/Trauma
2
Q
Oblique Fractures happen why
A
Bending movement with slight rotation
3
Q
A comminution fracture looks like a
A
butterfly
4
Q
A spiral fracture happens why
A
Rotational force
5
Q
The ventral aspect of foot becomes which aspect of foot in embryology
A
Plantar aspect
6
Q
The medial nerve enters palm of hand via
A
Carpal tunnel
7
Q
Radial nerve enters through
A
first web space
8
Q
Posterior tibial artery and nerve enter side of foot…
A
posterior to medial malleolus
9
Q
The posterior tibial artery gives rise to
A
Plantar arch
10
Q
Ankle Joint type
A
Hinge Synovial
11
Q
Which joint is described as Uniaxial
A
Ankle
12
Q
Malleolar grip is strongest during
A
Dorsiflexion
13
Q
Ankle Is unstable during
A
plantar flexion
14
Q
What stabilises the ankle during eversion
A
Medial or Deltoid Ligament
15
Q
Which ligament is commonly involved in Ankle Injuries
A
Lateral Ligament
16
Q
A pott fracture is a dislocation of
A
Ankle
17
Q
An ankle sprain is what type of movement injury
A
inversion
18
Q
A footballer’s ankle is a
A
repeated strain on anterior capsule
19
Q
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome compresses
A
Tibial Nerve
20
Q
Which muscles invert foot
A
TIbialis Ant and Pos
21
Q
which muscles evert foot
A
Fibularis longus and braves
22
Q
Which arch of foot is higher and more important
A
Medial
23
Q
Which ligament maintains integrity of arches
A
Spring/Calcaeneolvaciular
24
Q
Which muscles of foot maintain integrity of arch
A
Intrinsic
25
Why do flat feet happen in children
Subcut Fat
26
Acquired flatfeet happens due to
dysfunction of tibias posterior
27
Hip Joint ball is
Femoral Head
28
Hip Joint Socketi s
Acetabulum
29
Head of Femur articulates with
Acetabulum
30
Depth of acetabulum increased by
Fibrocartilage Acetabular Labrum and Transverse Acetabular Labrum
31
Ileofemoral ligament prevents
Hyperextension of Hip
32
Pubofemoral Ligament prevents
Overabductor of Hip
33
Which muscle is chief flexor of hip
Iliopsoas
34
The medial and lateral circumflex arteries are branches of
Profunda Femoris Artery
35
The artery to head of femur is branch of
Obturator Artery
36
Knee Joint type
Hinge Synovial
37
Articular surfaces of knee
Femora-Tibial and Femoro-Patella
38
How Many bursae around knee
12
39
how many bursae communicate with joint cavity
4
40
Tibial Collateral Ligament in knee extends from
Medial Epicondyle of Femur to Medial Condyle and Medial Tibia
41
Deep Fibres of Tibial Collateral Ligament are firmly attached to
Medial Meniscus
42
Fibular Collateral Ligament extends from
Lateral epicondyle of femur to head of fibula
43
Tendon of Popliteus passes deep to which ligament
Fibular Collateral Ligament
44
The intra-articular surfaces within knee consists of
Cruciate Ligaments and Menisci
45
Which knee ligament is weaker
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
46
What does the anterior cruciate ligament do
Prevents hyperextension of knee
| and posterior displacement of femur on tibia
47
What does posterior cruciate ligament do
prevents hyeprflexion of knee
48
Menisci of knee made up of what type of cartilage
Fibrocartilage
49
Tendon of what separates Lateral meniscus from PCL
Popliteus
50
When the knee locks what is happening
medial rotation of femur on tibia
51
When the knee unlocks what is happening
lateral rotation of tibia on knee
52
which muscle unlocks knee
popliteus
53
Name three fibrous joints
Periodontal Ligament
Cranial Sutures
Interosseous Membranes
54
Primary cartilage joints are made up of what type of cartilage only
Hyaline
55
Secondary cartilage joints are made up of what type of cartilage
Hyaline and Fibrocartilage
56
Synchondrosis is primary or secondary cartilage
Primary
57
Symphysis is primary or secondary cartilage
Secondary
58
Articular cartilage is also known as
Hyaline Cartilage
59
What produces collagen and glycoproteins
flat chondrocytes
60
what produces proteoglycans such as aggrecan
round chondrocytes
61
What do Type A Synoviocytes do
Remove Debris and contribute to synovial fluid production
62
What do Type B Synoviocytes do
main producer of synovial fluid
63
Synovial fluid is made up of
Hyaluronic Acid and Lubrican
64
Turnover of Synovial Fluid
2 Hours
65
What happens to viscosity of synovial fluid with age
Increases so reduced lubrication and slower joint movements
66
Where does Serratus Anterior attach
Medial Scapula and Protracts/Stablises Pectoral Girdle
67
Which movement is deltoid primarily involved in
Abduction
68
what movement does subscapularis do
medial rotation internal
69
Where does biceps attach
Scapula to Radius
70
Brachialis movement
Flexor of elbow
71
brachioradialis movement
flexor in mid position
72
biceps brachii movements
supinator
73
biceps brachii antagonists
pronator teres
| pronator quadratura
74
When does development of limbs begin
4th Week with somatic lateral mesoderm
75
When do upper limb buds appear
24 days then 1-2 days later lower limb bud
76
Which gene causes proximo-distal patterning
Hox genes
77
What happens if you remove Hoxa-11 and Hoxd-11
Radius and ulna do not form
78
limb buds elongate by proliferation of
mesenchyme
79
At the apex of each limb bud what thickens to form Apical Ectodermal ridge
Ectoderm
80
Upper limbs rotate by how many degrees
90 laterally
81
lower limb buds rotate by how many degrees
90 medially
82
during which week do peripheral nerves grow from limb plexuses
5th week
83
when is critical period of limb development
24-36 days after fertilisation
84
Weakness of which muscle can cause winging of scapula
Serratus Anterior
85
Which muscles involved in hand supination
Biceps brachii and supinator
86
which muscles involved in hand pronation
Radius rotates
Pronator Quadratus
pronator Teres
87
Radioulnar joints contribute to
Pronation and Supinator
88
Which muscles flex elbow
Biceps Brachi
Brachioradialis
Brachialis
89
which muscles extend elbow
Triceps
| Anconeus
90
Which muscles abduct shoulder
Mid Deltoid and Supraspinatus
91
which muscles adduct shoulder
Pec major and Lat dorsi
92
which muscles medial rotate shoulder
Teres Major and Subscapularis
93
which muscles lateral rotate shoulder
Teres minor and infraspinatus
94
Ulnar Collateral Ligaments extends from
Medial epicondyle to coronoid process and olecranon
95
Radial collateral ligament extends from
lateral epicondyle of humerus
96
Axillary Nerve at risk when
Shoulder DIslocation
| Fracture neck of humerus
97
which muscle becomes weak when axillary nerve damaged
deltoid
98
which rotator cuff muscle is not a rotator of shoulder joint
supraspinatus
99
The palmar interossei do what movement
Aductor
100
The Dorsal Interossi do what movement
Abduct
101
Which joint is known as diarthrodial joint
Hip
102
Normal angle of neck shaft hip
130
103
Normal angle of fem ante version hip
15
104
Normal angle of acet ante version hip
20
105
Intraccapsular Hip injury will likely need
Surgery
106
Which menisci is firmly attached to tibia
medial
107
Proximal and Distal Interphalngeal joints are only in
Fingers
108
The more what a fracture in the hand the more likely to develop AVN
Proximal
109
What can be palpated in anatomical snuffbox
Radial artery
Scaphoid
Trapezium
110
Which artery in hand is superficial arch
Ulnar
111
Which artery in hand is deep arch
Radial
112
How to do Allens Test
Occlude both wrist arteries
| Release ulcer: should reperfuse in 15 seconds
