MSK Testing Flashcards
What can MSK fitness improve/maintain? (6)
- Bone mass- fall prevention/decrease fracture risk
- glucose tolerance- diabetes/ how well we store & utilize glucose
- Musculotendinous integrity- tendonosis/ stronger tendons= decrease chance for tendon rupture
- Muscle mass- how well the muscle mass is distributed/diversity of exercises
- FFM & resting metabolic rate- increase muscle mass= increase metabolic rate
- ADL- activity of daily living/live independently
relationship of MSK to health
increase of MSK fitness is positive correlation to bone health, independant living, decrease in falls/fracture, increase psychological health, decrease morbidity & morality
why MSK testing? (6)
-Establish baseline values
-Determine resistance loads to use for training intensities
-Asses risk of falling in older adults
-Monitor progress and rehab following injuries
-Asses effectiveness of program
-Identify individuals who have the potential to excel in a particular sport
3 categories of MSK testing
Muscular strength
Muscular endurance
Muscular power
Muscular strength- define it, why do we need it & who should test it?
define- ability of muscle/group to develop maximal contractile force against a resistence in a single contraction with proper technique
why- important for daily living and everyday tasks
who- everyone (preventative medicene)
define absolute strength
total amount of weight lifted without adjustment for the participants body mass (1 RM weight/ grip strength)
define relative strength
total amount of weight lifted with some type of adjustment for the participants body mass (using strength to displace the body, rock climbing/rowing/gymnast)
-minimum amount of muscle needed to complete movement efficently, too much muscle mass can inhibit the movement
muscular endurance- define, why and who
define- the ability of muscle to apply submaximal force for extended periods can be dynamic or isometric
why- must be able to do a movement over and over again, endure intensity of the load & ADL/ life work balance
who- everyone
define dynamic contraction
repeated contractions against a load
define isometric contraction
sustained muscular contraction
examples of dynamic submax dynamic test
- absolute submax load (1 RM %)-max 6 reps
- relative submax (push ups)
examples of isometric muscular test
- back extension
- plank
muscular power- define, why & who
define- the rate at which one can perform work. Combination of strength & speed (maximal strength at a maximal speed)
why- some ADL, mainly performance ID
who- athletes/capable individuals
how do we measure muscular power (2) with examples
- power based exercise- 1RM or 1 RM % (cleans/snatches)
- Velocity based movements- vertical jump/speed of bar movements
2 Types of muscle contractions and their sub-groups
- Isometric (static) contractions
- Dynamic contractions
-isokinetic
-isoinertial
-concentric
-ecentric
how is isometric contractions assesed & the pros & cons
-assessed by cable tensiometers, isokinetic dynamometers, hand grip dynamometer
pro: good data & protocols
con: uncomfy
why measure grip strength
- lower grip strength= risk of heart failure
-lower GS= detrimental changes in the hearts structure and function
-lower GS= strong predictor of cardiac death, death from any cause and hospital admission for heart failure
why is low grip strength correlated with risk of CVD/heart failure
lack of ability to recruit muscle fibres
define concentric
when muscle fibres shortende
define eccentric
muscle fibres lengthen
define isoinertial contraction
no change in external resistence (inertia) even though the tension by the muscle may flucuate
(ex) change of direction in a sport
other factors that influence strength (6)
-physiological properties of muscle
-type of contraction
-ability of nervous system to activate muscle fibres (quickly)
-motivation of client
-strength potential is limited by genetics
-number of fast twitch fibres
Main factors that influence strength (4)
- muscle length
- joint angle
- motor unit recruitment
- stretch shortening cycle
describe muscle length when it comes to the influence it has on muscle strength
-relationship between force and sarcomere length. Force output decreases as sarcomere length increases beyond optimal length (2.0-2.25 um)
what happens if the sarcomere is stretched too far
insufficient overlap of the myofilaments and the less force will be produced
what happens if the muscle is over contracted
the potential for further contration is reduced
how does joint angle influence muscle strength
-force capacity of the muscle varies with the bony lever configuration (joint angle) as the joint moves through ROM
-Resistance cannot exceed max force if generated at the weakest point of ROM (sticking point)
define ‘sticking point’
the point at which the point in the ROM that is the weakest and cannot complete the movement
describe ascending strength curve and example
-as joint angle increase so does force
-hardest at bottom (bench press/squat)
define descending strength curve and example
-joint angle decreases and force increases
-hardest at top (rows, chin ups, leg curls)
define bell shaped curve angle and example
-hardest in the middle
(deadlift, bicep curl, leg ext.)
how does motor recruitment influence muscular strength
-must be able to fire all muscle fibres quickly and in order (small muscle fibres then big muscle fibres)
how does the stretch shortening cycle influence muscular strength
pre stretching a muscle by lengthing or doing eccentric contraction prior to concentric contraction (pre load)
what factors should be controlled when conducting strength tests to ensure high reliability
-appropriate clothing
-food/hydration/sleep
-avoid high intensity exercise 48hr before the test
-follow protocols of test
CSEP-PATH assessment protocols (5)
-prepare all paper work in advance
-equipment is calibrated
-ask permission to touch client
-explain purpose of test, describe the protocol & test termination criteria
-demonstrate the protocol before client starts
how does strength decrease with age
-decrease muscle mass
-decrease bone mass
-decreased metabolism
-decreased glucose tolerance
-decreased musculotendinous integrity
