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Kin 240 > MSK Testing > Flashcards

MSK Testing Flashcards

1
Q

What can MSK fitness improve/maintain? (6)

A
  1. Bone mass- fall prevention/decrease fracture risk
  2. glucose tolerance- diabetes/ how well we store & utilize glucose
  3. Musculotendinous integrity- tendonosis/ stronger tendons= decrease chance for tendon rupture
  4. Muscle mass- how well the muscle mass is distributed/diversity of exercises
  5. FFM & resting metabolic rate- increase muscle mass= increase metabolic rate
  6. ADL- activity of daily living/live independently
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2
Q

relationship of MSK to health

A

increase of MSK fitness is positive correlation to bone health, independant living, decrease in falls/fracture, increase psychological health, decrease morbidity & morality

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3
Q

why MSK testing? (6)

A

-Establish baseline values
-Determine resistance loads to use for training intensities
-Asses risk of falling in older adults
-Monitor progress and rehab following injuries
-Asses effectiveness of program
-Identify individuals who have the potential to excel in a particular sport

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4
Q

3 categories of MSK testing

A

Muscular strength
Muscular endurance
Muscular power

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5
Q

Muscular strength- define it, why do we need it & who should test it?

A

define- ability of muscle/group to develop maximal contractile force against a resistence in a single contraction with proper technique

why- important for daily living and everyday tasks

who- everyone (preventative medicene)

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6
Q

define absolute strength

A

total amount of weight lifted without adjustment for the participants body mass (1 RM weight/ grip strength)

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7
Q

define relative strength

A

total amount of weight lifted with some type of adjustment for the participants body mass (using strength to displace the body, rock climbing/rowing/gymnast)

-minimum amount of muscle needed to complete movement efficently, too much muscle mass can inhibit the movement

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8
Q

muscular endurance- define, why and who

A

define- the ability of muscle to apply submaximal force for extended periods can be dynamic or isometric

why- must be able to do a movement over and over again, endure intensity of the load & ADL/ life work balance

who- everyone

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9
Q

define dynamic contraction

A

repeated contractions against a load

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10
Q

define isometric contraction

A

sustained muscular contraction

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11
Q

examples of dynamic submax dynamic test

A
  1. absolute submax load (1 RM %)-max 6 reps
  2. relative submax (push ups)
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12
Q

examples of isometric muscular test

A
  1. back extension
  2. plank
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13
Q

muscular power- define, why & who

A

define- the rate at which one can perform work. Combination of strength & speed (maximal strength at a maximal speed)

why- some ADL, mainly performance ID

who- athletes/capable individuals

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14
Q

how do we measure muscular power (2) with examples

A
  1. power based exercise- 1RM or 1 RM % (cleans/snatches)
  2. Velocity based movements- vertical jump/speed of bar movements
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15
Q

2 Types of muscle contractions and their sub-groups

A
  1. Isometric (static) contractions
  2. Dynamic contractions
    -isokinetic
    -isoinertial
    -concentric
    -ecentric
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16
Q

how is isometric contractions assesed & the pros & cons

A

-assessed by cable tensiometers, isokinetic dynamometers, hand grip dynamometer
pro: good data & protocols
con: uncomfy

17
Q

why measure grip strength

A
  • lower grip strength= risk of heart failure
    -lower GS= detrimental changes in the hearts structure and function
    -lower GS= strong predictor of cardiac death, death from any cause and hospital admission for heart failure
18
Q

why is low grip strength correlated with risk of CVD/heart failure

A

lack of ability to recruit muscle fibres

19
Q

define concentric

A

when muscle fibres shortende

20
Q

define eccentric

A

muscle fibres lengthen

21
Q

define isoinertial contraction

A

no change in external resistence (inertia) even though the tension by the muscle may flucuate

22
Q

other factors that influence strength (6)

A

-physiological properties of muscle
-type of contraction
-ability of nervous system to activate muscle fibres (quickly)
-motivation of client
-strength potential is limited by genetics
-number of fast twitch fibres

23
Q

Main factors that influence strength (4)

A
  1. muscle length
  2. joint angle
  3. motor unit recruitment
  4. stretch shortening cycle
24
Q

describe muscle length when it comes to the influence it has on muscle strength

A

-relationship between force and sarcomere length. Force output decreases as sarcomere length increases beyond optimal length (2.0-2.25 um)

25
Q

what happens if the sarcomere is stretched too far

A

insufficient overlap of the myofilaments and the less force will be produced

26
Q

what happens if the muscle is over contracted

A

the potential for further contration is reduced

27
Q

how does joint angle influence muscle strength

A

-force capacity of the muscle varies with the bony lever configuration (joint angle) as the joint moves through ROM
-Resistance cannot exceed max force if generated at the weakest point of ROM (sticking point)

28
Q

define ‘sticking point’

A

the point at which the point in the ROM that is the weakest and cannot complete the movement

29
Q

describe ascending strength curve and example

A

-as joint angle increase so does force
-hardest at bottom (bench press/squat)

30
Q

define descending strength curve and example

A

-joint angle decreases and force increases
-hardest at top (rows, chin ups, leg curls)

31
Q

define bell shaped curve angle and example

A

-hardest in the middle
(deadlift, bicep curl, leg ext.)

32
Q

how does motor recruitment influence muscular strength

A

-must be able to fire all muscle fibres quickly and in order (small muscle fibres then big muscle fibres)

33
Q

how does the stretch shortening cycle influence muscular strength

A

pre stretching a muscle by lengthing or doing eccentric contraction prior to concentric contraction (pre load)

34
Q

what factors should be controlled when conducting strength tests to ensure high reliability

A

-appropriate clothing
-food/hydration/sleep
-avoid high intensity exercise 48hr before the test
-follow protocols of test

35
Q

CSEP-PATH assessment protocols (5)

A

-prepare all paper work in advance
-equipment is calibrated
-ask permission to touch client
-explain purpose of test, describe the protocol & test termination criteria
-demonstrate the protocol before client starts

36
Q

how does strength decrease with age

A

-decrease muscle mass
-decrease bone mass
-decreased metabolism
-decreased glucose tolerance
-decreased musculotendinous integrity

Kin 240 (6 decks)

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