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Kin 240 > Measuring PA & Sedentary Behaviour > Flashcards

Measuring PA & Sedentary Behaviour Flashcards

1
Q

Define ‘reactivity’

A

Methods that change your behaviour because you know you are being tracked

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2
Q

Define physical activity

A

Any waking movement that is 1.5 METs or above. Any bodily movement resulting in contraction of skeletal muscle that results in energy expenditure above resting levels

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3
Q

Define exercise

A

planned, purposeful, and repetitive (PPR)

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4
Q

How can you quantify PA & exercise

A

F- Frequency
I- Intensity (BPM, RPE, METs, WATTS…)
T- Time
T- Type

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5
Q

What does physical activity include (5)

A

sedentary behaviour
locomotion
work
leisure activities
exercise

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6
Q

How can we describe PA? (5)

A
  1. Total PA- calories burned during bodily movement
  2. sleep & wake time
  3. physical activity separated by sedentary, light, mod-vig intensity during wake time
  4. type- locomotive or occupational activities (walking, biking, jogging)
  5. posture- sitting, lying, standing
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7
Q

what is total (daily) energy expenditure (TEE)

A

the amount of energy you use in your day (24 hr)

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8
Q

What does total (daily) energy expenditure include?

A

activity energy expenditure (AEE) + Thermic effect of feeding (TEF) +Resting energy expenditure (REE).

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9
Q

Define Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT)

A

energy expended for everything we do that is not sleeping, eating or sports like exercise (walking to work, typing, work physical duties/chores) & fideting

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10
Q

what is included in Activity energy expenditure (AEE) (2)

A

Exercise energy expenditure (ExEE) and Non-exercise activity thermogenisis (NEAT)

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11
Q

How is Activity energy expenditure measured (AEE)
(7)

A

-indirect calorimetry
-heart rate monitor
-acceleromtery
-global positioning system
-pedometry
-questionairres
-observation (playgrounds)

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12
Q

what are 2 important characteristics used to classify PA measurement instruments

A
  1. degree of participant burden (too much recording…)
  2. whether they are subjective (self reported/surveys) or objective (tracked with fitness app or accessory)
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13
Q

how could reactivity change the validity

A

presence of a pedometer may cause you to increase your PA while wearing it. Although reliable this would affect the validity of using these scores as an indicator of usual PA

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14
Q

Desirable traits of measurement tools used to assess PA and EE (7)

A
  1. valid
  2. reliable
  3. provides a representative time period of measurement (are they wearing it long enough to measure what it needs to)
  4. non reactive
  5. socially acceptable and non-obtrusive
  6. low cost
  7. low subject burden
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15
Q

subjective methods to measure PA and sedentary behaviour

A

Requires participant/individual to use judgement in determining the score. Self administered, proxy or interview. Typically looks at a typical previous week, month or year. (annual survey).
-direct observation
-interviews

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16
Q

objective (indirect) methods to measure PA & sedentary behaviour

A

Outcome data: frequency, intensity, duration & Total.
Does not require interpretation of behaviours by participant. Removes the human source of error.
-Calorimetry
-Motion sensors (pedometers/accelerometers)
-HR monitors
-fit bit
-smartphone
-GPS

17
Q

Objective direct methods to measure PA & sedentary behaviour

A

outcome data includes FITT, context, total and sedentary.
Trained individuals directly observe participants in restricted contexts (ex. school playground, PE class, workspace)

18
Q

Pros/cons of direct observation

A

pro: provides details of all PA aspects, trained observers to evaluate PA, social cues or contexts of PA, can be used as criterion method against which to validate other methods

con: not practical for many settings, costly, rater may be bad at rating, rater may become fatigued (affects rating accuracy)

19
Q

pro/cons for recall questionairres

A

pro: reactivity is less of an issue, inexpensive, can collect data on large scale in relatively short time (when done by survey)

con: accuracy of recall is critical, more labour intensive if done by an interviewer

20
Q

PA diary pro/cons

A

pro: PA being interpreted during behaviour itself, all PA dimensions/patterns/total can be measured, can complete diaries anywhere

con: can be a burden to participant, difficult for those with disability, accurate recall may be difficult, can exaggerate or lie on diary.

21
Q

self reported methods of PA pro/cons

A

pro: measure large numbers in short time, recall does not alter behaviour, measurement tool can be adapted to suit the population

con: recall challenges for some (children), semantics can be issue (what is mod-vig. intensity), completeness of answers, activity choices in questionairre may not be relevant to some populations

22
Q

pedometers pro/cons

A

pro: inexpensive, easy use, track changes in daily PA

con: measures on one plane of motion, not all are same in terms of quality, inaccurate with slower walking speeds (elderly/deconditioned), does not account for height/leg length or stride length

23
Q

10,000 steps per day recommended?

A

walking 10,000 steps per day does not gaurentee obtaining the health and fitness benefits of prolonged bouts of moderate activity, nor that a specified number of calories will be burned

24
Q

Accelerometers pro/con

A

pro: counts motion on 3 planes, assess intensity/duration/time, can detect small motions

con: expensive, requires special software, not waterproof, sensitive to heat/humidity, older models are less accurate.

25
Q

HR monitor pro/con

A

pro: convienient for intensity tracking, real life settins, easy to use, well established relationship between HR & O2

con: possible discomfor, expensive, HR cannot be used to assess sedentary time, HR/O2 relationship is not linear at all levels of PA

26
Q

indirect calorimetry (3-4)

A

outcome data: frequency, intensity, duration, total
-measurement of gas exchange
-pedometers/accelerometers
-HR monitors

27
Q

Direct calorimtery (1)

A

high participant burden & objective
Valid and reliable measure of heat production, used as an index of all components of TEE

28
Q

Doubly labelled water

A

low participant burden & objective, gold standard.
TEE measured in free living conditions over 7-14 days. Measures C02 production to calculate TEE (cannot be used to separate TEE into it’s components)

29
Q

what is the gold standard for sedentary behaviour tracking

A

posture sensors
uses accelerometer & inclinometer to measure sitting/lying, standing and walking

30
Q
A

Kin 240 (9 decks)

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