Assessing aerobic fitness Flashcards
list the pro’s of maximal aerobic testing
- classify aerobic fitness of client
- use data for accurate exercise prescriptions
- determine possible symtoms at higher intensities
- recommended before starting a moderate-vig. intensity exercise program
- recommended for elite athletes- principle of specificity
list the pro’s of submaximal aerobic testing
- can be used on general pop.
list the cons of maximal aerobic testing
- require medical monitoring
- best measure for aerobic function not performance
list the cons of submaximal aerobic testing
- less accurate than maximal testing
what is the calculation for relative VO2 max
absolute VO2 x 1000ml/weight (kg).
Explain the anaerobic alatic system & fuel
does not directly use O2, high power & low capacity- uses creatine phosphate
explain the anaerobic latic system and its fuel
moderate power, used for <2min energy- uses glucose for fuel
explain the aerobic system and its fuel
(krebs cycle): high capacity (2+ min) & low power, uses glucose, FA & ketones.
ETC: Highest capacity (2min-60 min), lowest power, uses glucose & FA
how does skeletal muscle obtain it’s fatty acids for metabolism?
- FFA in blood
- stored triglycerides in muscle (lipolysis)
The amount of energy expended during a task depends on what? (2)
- VO2 max
- the nutrient mix being metabolized
what does aerobic fitness testing measure?
- the ability to consume oxygen to perform exercise
- the ability to consume oxygen to perform maximal exercise
define oxygen consumption (VO2)
the volume of O2 used by the body under given conditions
define VO2 max
max volume of oxygen one can consume during exhausting exercise or max rate of O2 utilization of muscle during exercise.
increase in power output but no equal amount of O2 consumption (the graph line plateaus or decreases)
Define absolute VO2
total volume of O2 taken into the body
(this is a function of muscle mass [more muscle mass=more volume of O2 used]). Used in high performance.
define relative O2
volume of O2 taken into the body relative to body weight (this is a function of your muscle fibre types & genetics [increase type 1 fibre types=increase ability of O2 used relative to body]). Used in general pop.
What is a VO2 max score dependant on?
- mode of exercise- for non athletes: treadmill>bike>rower
- hereditary- heart size, lung size, RBC, muscle fibre type distribution
3.age- after 25 years VO2 max decreases 1%/year - sex- males>females
5.physical training- VO2 max increases 6-20% - Body comp- increase muscle=increase metabolic tissue
Criteria to see when max effort was achieved (5)
1) A plateau in O2 consumption with ↑ power output
2) RER ≥ 1.10
3) Failure of HR to ↑ with ↑ in power output
4) Post-test blood lactate concentration ≥ 8 mmol/L
5) Exercising to voluntary exhaustion (RPE >17)
define VO2 MAX & VO2 PEAK
VO2 MAX plateaus and has 2 other criteria
VO2 PEAK does not plateau and 2 other criteria (graph line goes up and then down)
Deciding on a max vs submax test depends on what (4) reasons?
- reasons for the test
- client training status
- risk level of client
- availibility of equipment and personnel
VO2 MAX test termination criteria (9)
- moderate to severe angina
- excessive increase in systolic BP
- SOB, wheezing, leg cramps
- signs of poor perfusion
5.failure of HR increase to increase with exercise
6.noticeable change in heart rhythm
7.physical/verbal manifestations of fatigue
8.equipment failure - subject ask to stop
name 4 submaximal aerobic tests
- rockport 1 mile walk
2, mCAFT - YMCA cycle test
- Ebbling treadmill protocol
what are the post test protocols for aerobic recovery?
- ACTIVE RECOVERY for 3 mins immediatley following termination of test- record HR every min, extend by 2 min if client wants longer recovery. Recovery should be <1st workload
- PASSIVE RECOVERY, seat client- record HR every minute, measure BP at 1 & 3 min of passive recovery
- Make sure HR/BP are below cutoff numbers before proceeding to MSK assessment, if not continue passive recovery for 2 more minutes.
what involves a DIRECT MAXIMAL aerobic test and name 1 test
- graded exercise test (GXT) using metabolic cart to measure VO2MAX (mask). Most valid
- Bruce treadmill test
What is predicted in an INDIRECT MAXIMAL test and name 3 test
- predicts VO2 max using an equation
- Modified bruce treadmill test, Balke & 20 metre shuffle
What does INDIRECT SUBMAXIMAL test predict and name 4 tests
- Predicts VO2 max using an equation
- Rockport 1 mile walk, ebbling test, mCAFT, YMCA cycle test
assumptions of submaximal tests (4)
VO2 MAX can be most accurately esitmated from HR in submaximal tests when 1-4 are achieved.
1. a steady state HR is obtained for each exercise
2. linear relationship between HR, workload and VO2 max
3. HR max at a given age is uniform
4. mechanical efficency of the activity is uniform (assumes that everyone knows how to walk, bike or step)
why is knowing max HR important?
- scale training intensities
- identify health risks
- compare to normative data
- work within scope of practice
age and sex effect on max HR prediction
age- about 0.5-1.6 beats per year decrease
sex- men have more rapid max HR than women
what happens to your VO2 max prediction if your true HR max is HIGHER than what is predicted?
your true HR max is underestimated (occurs more in older population, 40+)
what happens to your VO2 max prediction if your true HR max is LOWER than what is predicted?
your true HR max is overestimated (occurs in younger population).
3 main factors for HR max
age, sex, obesity
pros and cons to using predictive equation to estimate HR max
pro: non invasive, used in gen. pop, inexpensive
con: not as accurate as maximal test (not allowed to go as far as their will power can take them)because of 85% cut off
