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MSK > MSK terms > Flashcards

MSK terms Flashcards

1
Q

conus medullaris

A

lower end of the spinal cord usually at L1 L2

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2
Q

cauda equina

A

horses tail of nerves that extends into the sacrum from spinal cord

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3
Q

sacralization

A

fusion of L5 with sacrum

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4
Q

compression fractures

A

demineralization of the spongey bone

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5
Q

uncus

A

epiphyseal rim smooth bone on the outer side of the body of vertebra on superior and inferior ends

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6
Q

lordosis

A

exagerated secondary curve of the lumbar region

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7
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggerated primary curve of the thoracic area

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8
Q

scoliosis

A

lateral s curve occurring in any region

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9
Q

what prevents excessive extension of the spine

A

anterior longitudinal spinal ligament

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10
Q

what assists in preventing excessive flexion of the spine

A

posterior longitudinal spinal ligament

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11
Q

zygapophyseal joint

A

facet joints between vertebrae of the superior and inferior articular process

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12
Q

Ligamentum flavum location and function

A

connects liminae from cv2 downward prevents excessive flexion of spine and maintains posture by aligning facet joints

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13
Q

supraspinal ligament

A

cv7 transverse process down to sacrum

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14
Q

nuchal ligament

A

cv7 to nuchal lines

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15
Q

what are the contents of the intervertebral foramina

A

dorsal and ventral roots/ dorsal root ganglion/ spinal nerve/spinal artery intervertebral vein

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16
Q

atlantoaxial joint

A

no movement between cv1 and cv2

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17
Q

atlantooccipital joint

A

occipital condyles of the skull and superior articulating facets of cv1 (atlas) YES motion

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18
Q

segmental medullary arteries

A

radial arteries that reach the spinal cord

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19
Q

basivertebral veins

A

drain bodies of vertebrae to anterior internal plexus

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20
Q

intervertebral veins

A

drain from all four vertebral plexus

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21
Q

GVE

A

autonomic two parts sympathetic= thoracolumbar and parasympathetic= craniosacral

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22
Q

sympathetic fibers

A

shorter preganglion fibers

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23
Q

parasympathetic

A

longer pre ganglion fibers

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24
Q

CN III

A

efferent eye

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25
Q

CN VII

A

efferent =2 salivary glands/ nasal mucosa /lacrimal gland (7 spits and crys)

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26
Q

CN IX

A

efferent= salivary gland mucosa afferent= carotid body & sinus gag refelx

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27
Q

CN X (vagus nerve)

A

efferent= thoracic & 2/3 of abdominal viscera afferent= same region

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28
Q

white rami communicons

A

axons pathway to enter spinal chord ganglia from t1-L3

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29
Q

exit sympathetic trunk through…

A

splanchnic never which is still presynaptic after it passes through the sympathetic ganglion except for cardiopulminary splanchnic are postsynaptic or postganglion

30
Q

pelvic splanchnic nerves are sypathetic or parasympatheitic

A

para

31
Q

how many pairs of spinal nerves

A

31 pairs

32
Q

neoplastic vs osteoporotic compression fracture

A

osteoporotic weakened trabeculae with thin cortical bone/ neoplastic=cancer spreads through bastons vertebral venous plexus to vertebral bodies

33
Q

spondylosis

A

defect in pars interarticularis of the neural arch between superior and inferior articular process/water content of cartilage decreases while protein degenerates

34
Q

spondylolisthesis (bilateral spondylosis)

A

spinal column above slides forward on column below most common in LV5 on SV1

35
Q

General Somatic Afferent (GSA)

A

carries sensory information from a somatic structure

36
Q

white matter

A

transmits info up and down spinal cord

37
Q

grey matter

A

transmits info laterally to and from spinal nerves/seat of cell bodies

38
Q

lateral horn

A

more of your visceral motor innervation

39
Q

plantar flexion

A

toes flex down

40
Q

dorsi flexion

A

toes flex up

41
Q

retinaculum

A

a band around tendons that holds them in place

42
Q

somites give rise to…

A

dermatomes myotomes ribs paraxial mesoderm/ scerotome

43
Q

Nueral crest cells come from

A

ectoderm (nueroecoderm)

44
Q

marginal zone

A

external white matter

45
Q

ventrical zone

A

single layer of ependymal cells

46
Q

unipolar neurons

A

sensory neurons

47
Q

dorsal root ganglion are derived from

A

nc cells

48
Q

phocomelia

A

absence of long bones

49
Q

meromelia

A

missing part of limb

50
Q

epimere gives rise to…

A

deep back muscles

51
Q

grey matter sends info which direction

A

laterally

52
Q

white matter sends info

A

up the spinal cord

53
Q

preganglion neurotransmitter of the sympathetic region

A

acetylcholine

54
Q

postganglionic neurotransmitter of the the sympathetic region

A

noripenephrine blocked by beta adrenergic drugs

55
Q

location of receptor cells for the noripenephrin in the sympathetic system

A

located in the effector organ

56
Q

autonomic nervous system parasympathic region

A

craniosacral

57
Q

autonomic nervous system sympathic region

A

thoracolumbar

58
Q

why is GSA senseory inforamtion specific

A

uses psuodounipolar neurons

59
Q

GSE uses what kinds of neurons

A

somatic multipolar motor nuerons

60
Q

GVE

A

autonomic multipolar motor nuerons

61
Q

sympathetic nuerotransmiter paths

A

uses noripenephrin on postganglion then actetycholine on preganglion

62
Q

parasympathic nuerotransmitter path

A

uses acetylcholine on both pre and post ganglion

63
Q

symaptheic innervation comes form what levels

A

t1-s2-3

64
Q

In the sympatheitc neurons haw do axons gain access to sympathetic chain ganglion?

A

through white rami communicons

65
Q

splanchnic nerves

A

DO NOT SYNAPSe in sympathetic trunk they exit then synapse

66
Q

sympatheic innervation pattern in the head

A

sympathetic nuers level t1-t4 go up the sympatheic trunk and synapse in superior cervical ganglion

67
Q

sympathetic innervation pattern for throacic (heart and lungs)

A

synapes in parasympathic ganglion on that level then to effector organ except vervical cardia goes up and synapes up top in cervical ganglion

68
Q

abdominal visera innervation for sympatheitc

A

PRE GANGLIONIC IN SYMPATHEITC GANGLION then become post ganglionic once they synapse in lower ganglion outside sympatheitc ganglion these are called splanchnic nerves

69
Q

visceral afferents paired with what in parasympatheitc

A

innocuos info such as physiological receptors

70
Q

visceral afferents paired with what in sympatheitc

A

nocioreceptors pain

MSK (10 decks)

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