MSK 2 Test Q/Diesease

Question 1

hyperkalemia

Answer 1

depolarizes the cell disrupts resting membrane potential making it more positive because it slows the rate of K+ out of the cell/ less negative on inside/ insulin epinephrine aldosterone pormote uptake of K+

Question 2

Hypokalemia

Answer 2

hyperpolarizes the membrane making the nervous system too excitable fires easy/

Question 3

hypernatremia/hypercalemia/hyperchloremia

Answer 3

does not effect resting membrane potential.

Question 4

lewy body

Answer 4

composed of alphasynuclein (tau protein clumps) bad for nueron prevent normal axonal transport present in lewy body dimensia and parkinsons

Question 5

what type of glial cell forms the blood brain barrier?

Answer 5

astrocytes of the CNS (they regulate ion concentration allowing for action potentials. protoplasmic=grey matter fibrous =white matter

Question 6

gliosis

Answer 6

astrocytes form a scar around damaged region prevents further necrosis but hinders axon regeneration. very poor in cns

Question 7

damage to a unmylenated nueron in the PNS would be classified as what kind of neuron?

Answer 7

postganglionic autonomic are unmeylenated

Question 8

patient comes in with a problem in the maintenance of csf this most likely has to do with which type of glial cell

Answer 8

ependymal glial cells produce and resorb csf

Question 9

failure of which type of glial cell could lead to increased pathogens and garbage in cell

Answer 9

microglia are cleaners of cell and protect against pathogens

Question 10

guillan barre syndrome

Answer 10

autoimmune where t cells attack myelin/ demylenates the PNS/parlaysis loss of conduction/ damages schwann cells

Question 11

Multiple sclerosis

Answer 11

T cells attack oligodendrocytes resulting in demylinating the CNS/ parlysis weakness of muscles and cognitive degeneration

Question 12

where would a virus be able to attack a nueron

Answer 12

no perineurium around ganglia or neuromuscular junctions making these areas susceptable to attack

Question 13

How does cancer spread from one breast to the other?

Answer 13

lyphatic drainage from the contralateral gland to the other breast.

Question 14

What is the clinical relevance of cancer being found in infraclavicular nodes as apposed to supraclavicular nodes?

Answer 14

a worse prognosis would be made if the cancer was already in the supraclavicular nodes because it means the cancer has spread all the way to the neck

Question 15

Damage to what muscle would have the most significant impact on elbow flexion?

Answer 15

brachialis is the most powerful of the three primary flexor muscles.