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Laura MSK UL > MSK S9 > Flashcards

MSK S9 Flashcards

0
Q

What is the flat part at the proximal part of the tibia called?

A

The tibial plateau

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1
Q

What are menisci? Around which bone are they found?

A

Fibrocartilage rings, found around the medial and lateral condyles of the tibia.

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2
Q

Which condyle is bigger on the femur? Why?

A

The medial condyle because it takes more weight.

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3
Q

What is special about the medial epicondyle of the femur?

A

It has a adductor tubercle. It is for tendon attachment.

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4
Q

The femoral condyles lie on top of what?

A

The tibial plateau (the condyles of the tibia)

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5
Q

What is the role of the menisci in the knee joint?

A

They deepen the articular surface and increase the stability of the joint. They also act as shock absorbers.

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6
Q

To what so the ends of the menisci attach?

A

To the intercondylar areas

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7
Q

How are the menisci attached to the joint capsule?

A

By coronary ligaments

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8
Q

What are the muscles in the knee that have a stabilising effect?

A

Quadriceps femoris- particularly vastus medialis and lateralis
Also the Iliotibial tract

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9
Q

What does PCL prevent? How do you test for it?

A

Hyperflexion. Using the posterior drawer sign. See if the tibia moves backwards whilst in flexion.

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10
Q

What does ACL prevent? How do you test for it?

A

Hyperextension. Using the anterior drawer sign. See if the tibia moves forward whilst in flexion.

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11
Q

Which collateral ligament is reinforced by the ilio tibial tract?

A

The lateral collateral ligament

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12
Q

To what does the medial tibial collateral ligament attach? Where?

A

To the medial meniscus. At it’s midpoint.

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13
Q

What are the medial and lateral collateral ligaments otherwise known as?

A

The M- tibial and the L- fibular

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14
Q

What muscles are involved in flexion of the knee?

A

Hamstrings, gracilis, popliteus, sartorius

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15
Q

What muscles are involved in lateral rotation of the knee?

A

Biceps femoris

16
Q

What muscles are involved in medial rotation of the knee?

A

Semimembranosus and tendinosus

17
Q

What muscles are involved in extension of the knee?

A

Quadriceps femoris

18
Q

Why is locking of the knee in extension so important?

A

Because it would take too much energy if the muscles were constantly working

19
Q

What type of scan in ideal for looking at a knee injury? Why?

A

An MRI because it is most likely to be soft tissue damage rather than bone. Xrays do not show soft tissues- just bones.

20
Q

When the knee locks in extension in what direction does the femur rotate?

A

Internally

21
Q

When the knee wants to unlock in which direction does the femur rotate and what muscle helps it to do this?

A

Externally. Popliteus

22
Q

What can occur if a flexed knee is laterally twisted?

A

The medial collateral ligament is firmly attached to the medial meniscus so if the medial collateral ligament is damaged it can cause damage to the medial meniscus

23
Q

Out of the two menisci which one allows more mobility? What does this mean clinically?

A

Lateral. Not usually injured.

24
Q

What are the 4 main bursa of the knee? Be able to say where these are

A

Prepatella
Infrapatella
Suprapatella
Semimembranous

25
Q

Which bursa becomes inflammed with:

  • Housemaid’s knee?
  • Clergyman’s knee?
A

HM- prepatella

CM - infrapatella

26
Q

Where do popliteal cysts occur? What are they?

A

In the popliteal fossa

Abnormal fluid filled sacs of synovial membrane

27
Q

What are some facts about popliteal/bakers cysts?

A

They are a sign of chronic knee effusion

They can connect to the synovium of the knee joint.

28
Q

What does arthroscopy involve?

A

It is an endoscopic examination that allows visualisation of the interior of the knee joint cavity with minimal disruption of the tissue.

29
Q

What are joint effusions?

A

The escape of fluid from blood or lymphatic vessels

30
Q

What are the 3 rules that all of the muscles of the posterior thigh apply to except from the short head of biceps femoris?

A

Proximal attachment to ischial tuberosity
Extend at hip
Innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve

Laura MSK UL (19 decks)

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