MSK S5 - Elbow joint and fractures

Question 1

What type of joint is the elbow?

Answer 1

hinge

Question 2

Where is the olecrannon fossa found?

Answer 2

On the posterior side of the humerus, just above the trochlea

Question 3

On which bone is the olecrannon found? Where abouts?

Answer 3

The ular. It is the bit that sticks out at the top. See picture

Question 4

Which is the bone - the radius or the ulna - that crosses over the other/

Answer 4

The radius crosses over the ulna

Question 5

One which bone do you find the radial notch?

Answer 5

The ulnar

Question 6

Which part of the clavicle sticks out?

Answer 6

The bit closest to the sternum

Question 7

Which part is higher up in the clavicle?

Answer 7

The bit furthest away from the sternum

Question 8

On which bone do you find the coronoid process?

Answer 8

The ulnar

Question 9

The ulnar ‘meets with’ the humerus at two different points, what are these?

Answer 9

The coronoid fossa and the olecrannon fossa

Question 10

To which fossa does the radius insert into the humerus?

Answer 10

The radial fossa

Question 11

What are the muscles which produce hinge movement of the elbow?

Answer 11

Biceps brachii, triceps brachii and brachioradialis

Question 12

What are the properties of the capsule of the elbow?Why is this important?

Answer 12

It is weak anteriorly and posteriorly which allows for flexion and extension

Question 13

What is the role of the collateral ligaments of the elbow?

Answer 13

The strengthen the joint at the sides

Question 14

The synovial membrane that is found at the elbow joint lines what?

Answer 14

The fibrous capsule over the elbow and radioulnar joint and the humeus

Question 15

What are the 3 bands of the ulnar collateral ligament?

Answer 15

The anterior cord like band, the posterior fan like bad and the oblique band

Question 16

Which out of the 3 bands of the ulnar is the strongest?

Answer 16

The anterior

Question 17

What is the role of the oblique band of the ulna collateral ligament?

Answer 17

It deepens the socket for the trochlea

Question 18

What are the properties of the radial collateral ligament?

Answer 18

It is fanlike and blends with the annular ligament

Question 19

Around which bone does the annular ligament lie?

Answer 19

The radius

Question 20

What is the role of he annular ligament?

Answer 20

It prevents subluxation of the radius

Question 21

How does the annular ligament attach to the ulna?

Answer 21

Anterior and posteriorly to its radial notch

Question 22

What is dislocation?

Answer 22

The complete loss of contact of the joint surfaces

Question 23

What is subluxation?

Answer 23

Partial dislocation of a joint, so that the bone ends are misaligned but still in contact

Question 24

What is pulled elbow?

Answer 24

When the head of the radius subluxates from the annular ligament

Question 25

Who is pulled elbow most common in and why?

Answer 25

Children. Because the annular ligament hasn't adopted its funnel like arrangement and because in children ligaments tend to be much stretchier.

Question 26

What is the bursa called that is found at the end of the biceps brachii?

Answer 26

Subtendinous olecrannon bursa

Question 27

When an artery turns back and travels in the opposite direction what is it said to be? Which artery does this in the elbow?

Answer 27

A recurrent branch. The ulnar artery

Question 28

What is the blood supply of the elbow?

Answer 28

Recurrent branches of the ulnar, radial and interosseous arteries

Question 29

What are arterial anastomoses?

Answer 29

The reconnection of two arteries which have previously branched out

Question 30

What is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 30

The joint found between the radius and the ulnar

Question 31

What are the 3 joints between the radius and the ulnar?

Answer 31

The proximal radioulnar, the interosseuos membrance and the distal radioulnar.

Question 32

What type of joint is the intersseous membrane?

Answer 32

A fibrous joint

Question 33

Which is the shorter bone, the radius or the ulnar?

Answer 33

The radius

Question 34

During pronation on what does the head of the radius pivot?

Answer 34

On the capitulum of the humerus

Question 35

What type of joint is the proximal radioulnar joint?

Answer 35

A pivot

Question 36

What is the role of the interosseous membrane?

Answer 36

It allows districution of force from the radius to the ulna

Question 37

Where is the ulnar notch found?

Answer 37

On the distal end of the radius

Question 38

What is the role of the articular disk and where is it found?

Answer 38

It separates the cavity of the distal radioulnar joint from the wrist cavity.

Question 39

What is the sacciform recess and what does it enable?

Answer 39

It is a free space available for use. Extension of the syovial membrane. It allows twisting of the capsule at the distal and proximal radioulnar joints.

Question 40

Which muscles enable movement of the radioulnar joints?

Answer 40

Supinator, biceps brachii, pronator quadratus and pronator teres

Question 41

Where are the sacciform recesses found?

Answer 41

On the neck of the radius and at the distal radius and ulna (superiorly form articular disk)

Question 42

What bones are involved in the formation of the radiocarpal joint?

Answer 42

Radius, Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum

Question 43

What limits aBduction of the wrist?

Answer 43

The radial styloid process

Question 44

What is aBduction of the wrist?

Answer 44

The movement of the wrist away from the midline

Question 45

What are the 3 types of ligaments found in the wrist joint?

Answer 45

Collateral ligaments, palmar radiocarpal and dorsal radiocarpal

Question 46

What is the role of palmar radiocarpal ligaments?

Answer 46

Ensure the hand follows the radius during supination

Question 47

What is the role of doral radiocarpal ligaments?

Answer 47

Ensure hand follows radius during pronation

Question 48

What type of fracture is a colles' fracture?

Answer 48

A distal radius fracture

Question 49

What happens to the radius in a colles fracture?

Answer 49

There is posterior displacement of the distal fragment of the radius

Question 50

When does a colles fracture occur?

Answer 50

When someone falls on an outstretched hand

Question 51

Who is more likely to suffer from a colles fracture?

Answer 51

An elderly person

Question 52

What is the way of describing a colles fracture?

Answer 52

A bit like a dinner fork

Question 53

What is the role of the annular ligament?

Answer 53

It keeps the radius in contact with the radial notch of the ulna.

Question 54

How can fracture to the scaphoid occur?

Answer 54

By falling on an outstretched hand

Question 55

What effects can a fractured scaphoid have?

Answer 55

Avascular necrosis of the scaphoid bone and tenderness over the anatomical snuffbox

Question 56

What bone is not part of the wrist joint?

Answer 56

The ulnar