MSK muscle compartments Flashcards
Muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior compartment of the forearm
Lateral-> medial
* Pronator teres
* Flexor carpi radialis
* Palmaris longus
* Flexor carpi ulnaris
What do the muscles of the superficial layer of the anterior forearm do and what innervates them?
All flexors of wrist, fingers or thumb except pronator teres
All innervated by median nerve except flexor carpi ulnaris which is innervated by the ulnar nerve
Muscle of the middle layer of the anterior forearm
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Innervation and action of the muscle of the middle layer of the anterior forearm
Flexes the 4 medial digits
Innervated by median nerve
Muscles of the deep layer of the anterior forearm
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Pronator quadratus
Innervation and function of the deep muscles of the anterior forearm
All innervated by median nerve except the medial half of the FDP which is innervated by the ulnar nerve
All flexors except pronator quadratus
Outline of the innervation and action of the muscles of the anterior forearm
- flexors, except for pronator teres and pronator quadratus.
- innervated by the median nerve, except FCU and the medial half of FDP.
Muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior compartment of the forearm
- Brachioradialis
- Extensor carpi radialis longus
- Extensor carpi radialis brevis
- Extensor digitorum
- Extensor digiti minimi
- Extensor carpi ulnaris
- Anconeus
Innervation and function of the muscles of the superior layer of the posterior forearm
All innervated by radial nerve
All extensors except brachioradialis which is a weak flexor of the elbow
Muscles of the deep layer of the posterior forearm
Lateral-> medial
* Supinator
* Abductor pollicis longus
* Extensor pollicis brevis
* Extensor pollicis longus
* Extensor indicis.
Innervation and function of the muscles of the deep layer of the posterior forearm
All innervated by the radial nerve
All extensors except supinator and abductor pollicis longus
Summary of all posterior forearm muscles
- extensors, except for brachioradialis, supinator and abductor pollicis longus.
- innervated by the radial nerve.
The muscles that cross the wrist also contribute to wrist extension.
Groups of intrinsic muscles of the hand
Thenar eminence
Hypothenar eminence
Lumbricals
Interossei
Muscles of the thenar eminence
Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Innervation of the muscles of the thenar eminence and what they act on
Innervated by the median nerve
Act on the thumb
Muscles of the hypothenar eminence
Flexor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
Opponens digiti minimi
Innervation and actions of the muscles of the hypothenar eminence
Innervated by the deep branch of the ulnar nerve
Act on the little finger
Innervation of the lumbricals
Lateral two are innervated by the median nerve
Medial two are innervated by the ulnar nerve
Actions of the different groups of the interossei
Palmar interossei-> adduct fingers
Dorsal interossei-> abduct fingers
Superficial gluteal muscles
● Gluteus maximus
● Gluteus medius
● Gluteus minimus
● Tensor fascia latae
Innervation of the superior gluteal muscles
All innervated by superior gluteal nerve except gluteus maximus which is innervated by inferior gluteal nerve
Deep gluteal muscles
● Piriformis
● The superior and inferior gemelli
● Obturator internus
● Quadratus femoris
Deep gluteal muscles function
Stabilise and laterally rotate the hip joint
Muscles of the anterior thigh
● Quadriceps femoris – a group of four large muscles.
● Sartorius
● Iliopsoas
● Pectineus.
Innervation and function of the muscles of the anterior thigh
Innervated by femoral nerve
Extensors of the knee- although some act on hip joint
Muscles of quadriceps femoris
Primary extensor of the knee
● Rectus femoris
● Vastus lateralis
● Vastus medialis
● Vastus intermedius.
Converge onto quadriceps tendon
Muscles of the posterior compartment of the thigh
● Semimembranosus and semitendinosus
● Biceps femoris (a long and a short head)
● Hamstring part of adductor magnus.
Muscles of the medial thigh
● Adductor brevis
● Adductor longus
● Adductor magnus
● Gracilis
● Obturator externus
Muscles of the medial thigh innervation and action
Adductors of the hip
Innervated by obturator nerve
Innervation of the muscles of the posterior thigh
All innervated by the common fibular part of the sciatic nerve except hamstring part of adductor magnus which is innervated by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve
Borders of the femoral triangle
● lateral - formed by the medial border of sartorius.
● medial - formed by the lateral border of adductor longus.
● superior - formed by the inguinal ligament.
● The apex is distal, where sartorius and adductor longus meet.
● The floor of the triangle is formed by iliopsoas laterally and pectineus medially.
Muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
● Tibialis anterior
● Extensor hallucis longus (EHL)
● Extensor digitorum longus (EDL).
Function and innervation of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the leg
Dorsiflexors of the foot at the ankle joint and extensors of the toes
Innervated by deep fibular nerve
Muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg
Fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
Function and innervation of the lateral compartment of the leg
Evert the foot at the subtalar joint
Innervated by the superficial fibular nerve
Superficial muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Function and innervation of the muscles of the superficial layer of the posterior leg
Act as plantarflexors of foot at the ankle joint
Innervated by the tibial nerve
Deep muscles of the posterior leg
Popliteus,
Tibialis posterior
Flexor hallucis longus (FHL)
Flexor digitorum longus (FDL).
Innervation of the deep muscles of the posterior leg
Tibial nerve
Muscle of dorsum of the foot
Extensor digitorum brevis
Innervated by deep fibular nerve
Muscles of the sole of the foot
Arranged in 4 layers
Incl. abductors of the great and smaller toes, flexors of the toes, an adductor of the great toe, lumbricals and interossei
Innervation and function of the muscles of the sole of the foot
Work as a group to support the foot
Innervated by the medial and lateral plantar nerves, which are the terminal branches of the tibial nerve
