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Year 2- Anatomy > MSK Lower Limb > Flashcards

MSK Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles are found in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Iliopsoas
Quadriceps
Sartorius
Pectineus

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2
Q

Which two muscles make up the ialipsoa?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major

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3
Q

Which four muscles make up the quadriceps?

A

Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
Vastus medialis
Rectus femoris

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4
Q

What is the innervation for all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Femoral nerve

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5
Q

What are the nerve roots of the femoral nerve?

A

L2-4

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6
Q

Actions of iliopsoas?

A

Flexion of thigh at hip joint

->unlike other anterior thigh muscles, the iliopsoas does not perform extension at the knee joint

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7
Q

I know I just said the anterior thigh muscles are innervated by the femoral nerve and majority are!
But what is the psoas major innervated by?

A

Anterior rami of L1-3

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8
Q

The quadricep muscles mostly have the same action.
What is the collective action of the vastus lateralis. intermedius and medialis and the rectus femoris?

A

Extension of knee joint
Secondary function of stabilising patella

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9
Q

What is the additional action of the rectus femoris?

A

Flexion of hip joint

->only quad muscle which crosses both hip and knee

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10
Q

Longest muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius

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11
Q

Actions of sartorius?

A

Flexor at hip and knee
Also abductor and lateral rotator at hip

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12
Q

Actions of pectineus?

A

Adduction and flexion at hip joint

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13
Q

The muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh are also known as what?

A

The adductors

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14
Q

Which muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Gracilis
Obturator externus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus

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15
Q

What is the nerve supply to the adductor muscles in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Obturator nerve

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16
Q

Which muscle is the largest in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adductor magnus

->comes from, the name

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17
Q

There are two parts to the adductor magnus muscle. What are the two components?

A

Adductor component
Hamstring component

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18
Q

There is different innervations for the adductor and hamstring component of the adductor magnus muscle.
What is the innervation for the adductor component?

A

Obturator nerve

->this make sense as the adductors are supplied by the obturator so makes sense for the adductor component to be too

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19
Q

There is different innervations for the adductor and hamstring component of the adductor magnus muscle.
What is the innervation for the hamstring component?

A

Tibial component of sciatic nerve

->again, matches the innervation of hamstrings

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20
Q

Action of adductor component of adductor magnus in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adduction and flexion of thigh

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21
Q

Action of hamstring component of adductor magnus in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

Adduction and extension of hip

->again makes sense as hamstrings are posterior and have a role in extension

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22
Q

Function of adductor longus?

A

Adduction of thigh

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23
Q

Function of adductor brevis?

A

Adduction of thigh

->well isn’t that a surprise

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24
Q

Action of obturator externus?

A

Adduction and lateral rotation of thigh

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25
Q

Action of gracilis?

A

Adduction of thigh
Flexion of leg at knee

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26
Q

And just to make sure it’s sunk in- what is the innervation of the adductor compartment muscles?

A

Obturator muscle

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27
Q

Muscles in the posterior compartment of the thigh?

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendonous
Semimembranous

aka hamstrings

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28
Q

The biceps femoris has two heads. Which is considered a part of the hamstrings?

A

Long head

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29
Q

Action of biceps femoris?

A

Flexion at knee
Extension at hip
Lateral rotation at hip and knee

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30
Q

Action of semitendonous muscle?

A

Flexion of leg at knee
Extension of thigh at hip
Medial rotation at hip and knee

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31
Q

Action of semimembranous?

A

Flexion of leg at knee
Extension of thigh at hip
Medial rotation at hip and knee

->so both of the semi muscles have a role is medial rotation at hip and knee (maybe think m=m)

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32
Q

Okay, so the innervation of the posterior compartment of the thigh differs a bit.

What is the innervation of the long head of the hamstrings aka long head of biceps femoris, semitendonous and semimembranous?

A

Tibial part of the sciatic nerve

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33
Q

What is the innervation of the short head of the biceps femoris?

A

Common fibular part of sciatic nerve

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34
Q

Which of the hamstrings sits deeper than the others?

A

Semimembranous sits under semitendonous

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35
Q

Name the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg.

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus
Fibularis tertius

->wee bit more confusing cos usually the extensors are in the posterior compartment but switches for the leg ig

36
Q

Innervation of all the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

37
Q

Action of tibialis anterior, one of the anterior leg muscles?

A

Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot

38
Q

Action of extensor digitorum longus, one of the anterior leg muscles?

A

Extension of lateral four toes
Dorsiflexion of foot

39
Q

Action of extensor hallucis longus, one of the anterior leg muscles?

A

Extension of great toe
Dorsiflexion of foot

->basically, common action for anterior compartment is dorsiflexion of foot and each muscle has another function

40
Q

Action of fibular tertius, one of the anterior leg muscles?

A

Eversion of foot
Dorsiflexion of foot

41
Q

Nerve roots of deep fibular nerve?

42
Q

Name the two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg.

A

Fibularis longus
Fibularis brevis

43
Q

What are the two muscles in the lateral compartment of the leg innervated by?

A

Superficial fibular nerve

44
Q

What is another name for the fibular nerve?

A

Peroneal nerve

45
Q

Action of fibularis longus?

A

Eversion of foot
Plantarflexion of foot

46
Q

Action of fibularis brevis?

A

Eversion of foot

47
Q

There are two layers of muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg- superficial and deep.

Name the three superficial posterior leg muscles.

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

48
Q

What is the innervation for all the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg- superficial and deep?

A

Tibial nerve

49
Q

What is the action of the gastrocnemius, one of the superficial posterior compartment muscles in the leg?

A

Plantarflexion at ankle
Flexion at knee

50
Q

What is the action of the soleus, one of the superficial posterior compartment muscles in the leg?

A

Plantarflexion of the foot at the ankle

51
Q

What is the action of the plantaris, one of the superficial posterior compartment muscles in the leg?

A

Plantarflexion at ankle
Flexion at knee

52
Q

Which muscle sits superficial to the soleus?

A

Gastrocnemius

53
Q

Name the four muscles in the deep layer of the posterior compartment of the leg.

A

Popliteus
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallicus longus
Tibialis posterior

54
Q

As mentioned before, what will be the innervation for these deep muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve

55
Q

Action of popliteus?

A

Unlocks knee joint basically to flexion can occur by laterally rotating femur

56
Q

Action of the flexor digitorum longus?

A

Flexion of lateral four toes

57
Q

Action of flexor hallicus longus?

A

Flexion of great toe

58
Q

Action of tibialis posterior?

A

Inversion and plantarflexion of foot

59
Q

Muscles of the foot, like the hand, can be divided into intrinsic and extrinsic muscles.
We have already discussed the extrinsic muscles as they arise from the anterior, lateral and posterior compartments of the leg.

What are the two intrinsic muscles located within the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis

60
Q

What is the innervation for the extensor digitorum brevis and extensor hallucis brevis?

A

Deep fibular nerve

->remember, can also be known as the peroneal nerve

61
Q

Action of the extensor digitorum brevis in the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extension of lateral four toes

62
Q

Action of the extensor hallucis brevis in the dorsum of the foot?

A

Extension of great toe

63
Q

Okay, in the plantar aspect of the foot, there are ten muscles divided into four layers from superficial to deep.

Name the three muscles in the first layer (most superficial).

A

Abductor hallucis
Flexor digitorim brevis
Abductor digit minimi

64
Q

Innervation of abductor hallucis?

A

Medial plantar nerve

65
Q

Action of abductor hallucis?

A

Abduction and flexion of great toe

66
Q

Innervation of flexor digitorum brevis?

A

Flexion of lateral four toes at PIP joints

67
Q

Innervation of abductor digit minimi?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

68
Q

Action of abductor digiti minimi?

A

Abduction and flexion of little toe

69
Q

Name the two muscles in the second layer of the plantar aspect of the foot.

A

Quadratus plantae
Lumbricals

70
Q

Innervation of quadratus plantae?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

71
Q

Action of quadratus plantae?

A

Assists in flexion of lateral four toes

->assists flexor digitorum longus

72
Q

Innervation of lumbricals of foot?

A

Medial lumbrical = medial plantar nerve
Lateral lumbricals= lateral plantar nerve

73
Q

Action of the lumbricals of the foot?

A

Flexion at MTP joints
Extension at IP joints

74
Q

Name the three muscles in the third layer of the foot

A

Flexor hallicus brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis

->btw with the muscles of the foot, they are pretty dificult to identify on the specimens we have so idk how much they will ask

75
Q

Innervation of adductor hallucis of the foot?

A

Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve

76
Q

Innervation of flexor hallucis brevis of foot?

A

Medial plantar nerve

77
Q

Innervation of flexor digiti minimi brevis of foot?

A

Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve

78
Q

Action of flexor hallucis brevis of foot?

A

Flexion of great toe at MTP joint

79
Q

Action of adductor hallucis of foot?

A

Adduction of great toe

80
Q

Action of the flexor digiti minimi brevis of the foot?

A

Flexion of little toe at MTP joint

81
Q

Name the two muscles in the fourth layer of the plantar foot (deep layer).

A

Dorsal and plantar interossei

82
Q

Innervation of the plantar interossei of the foot?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

83
Q

Innervation of the dorsal interossei of the foot?

A

Lateral plantar nerve

84
Q

Action of the plantar interossei of the foot?

A

Adduction of lateral three digits (PAD)
Flexion at MTP joints

85
Q

Action of the dorsal interossei of the foot?

A

Abduction (DAB) of lateral four digits
Flexion at MTP joints

Year 2- Anatomy (14 decks)

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