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Year 2- Anatomy > GIT > Flashcards

GIT Flashcards

1
Q

In which week of human development does the primordial gut tube develop?

A

Week 4

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2
Q

What is the primordial gut tube derived from?

A

From the endoderm lining the yolk sac

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3
Q

Which structures make up the midgut?

A

Lower resp. system
Primordial pharynx and it’s derivatives
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Liver
Pancreas
Biliary apparatus

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4
Q

What makes up the biliary apparatus?

A

Hepatic ducts
Gall bladder
Bile duct

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5
Q

What is the artery for the foregut?

A

Celiac trunk

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6
Q

What is the venous drainage for the foregut?

A

Celiac lymph nodes

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7
Q

How long is the oesophagus?

A

25cm

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8
Q

Name the three constrictions of the oesophagus.

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Abdominal

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9
Q

Name the four parts of the stomach.

A

Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pyloric

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10
Q

What is the fundus usually filled with?

A

Gas

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11
Q

What is meant by sphincter?

A

Thickening of muscle which can constrict and open to allow substances through the body.

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12
Q

What is the role of the Pyloric Sphincter?

A

Controls the discharge of stomach contents into the duodenum

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13
Q

Which structures make up the stomach bed?

A

Diaphragm, spleen, left kidney, adrenal gland, splenic artery, pancreas, transverse mesocolon and colon

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14
Q

What is the function of biliary ducts?

A

Carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder

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15
Q

Where is bile produced?

A

Liver

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16
Q

Where is bile stored and concentrated?

A

Gall bladder

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17
Q

How much bile can the gallbladder store?

A

50ml

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18
Q

Which artery feeds the gallbladder?

A

Cystic artery

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19
Q

Where does the cystic artery lie?

A

In the Triangle of Calot (between common hepatic duct, cystic duct and visceral surface of liver)

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20
Q

Is the pancreas an endocrine or exocrine gland?

A

Both

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21
Q

What does the pancreas release excorinely?

A

Pancreatic juices

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22
Q

What does the pancreas release endorinely?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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23
Q

Where is the portal vein formed?

A

Behind the neck of the pancreas

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24
Q

What are the three main branches of the celiac trunk?

A

Left gastric artery
Hepatic artery
Splenic artery

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25
Q

Where does the hepatic artery supply?

A

Gallbladder and liver

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26
Q

Where does the left gastric artery run along?

A

Lesser curvature of the stomach

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27
Q

Where does the splenic artery run along?

A

Along the superior margin of the pancreas

28
Q

What’s the spinal cord value for the origin of the celiac trunk?

29
Q

What are the structures of the midgut?

A

Small intestine including most of the duodenum
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Right 2/3 of transverse colon

30
Q

What is the shortest and widest part of the small intestine?

31
Q

What does the second part of the duodenum receive?

A

Bile duct
Pancreatic duct

32
Q

What is a duodenal ulcer?

A

Inflammatory erosions of the duodenum wall.

33
Q

Which part of the duodenum is most commonly affected by duodenal ulcers?

A

The first part

34
Q

Which is darker in colour- the jejunum or ileum?

35
Q

Which is longer- the jejunum or ileum?

36
Q

Which has more fat in mesentery- the jejunum or ileum?

37
Q

Which is thinner- the jejunum or ileum?

38
Q

Which has greater vascularity- the jejunum or ileum?

39
Q

Which has more lymphoid nodules- the jejunum or ileum?

40
Q

Compare the loops of the jejunum and ileum.

A

Jejunum- few large loops
Ileum- many short loops

41
Q

Which artery is the supply for the midgut?

A

Superior mesenteric artery

42
Q

What is the origin for the superior mesenteric artery?

A

Branch of the abdominal aorta at L1

43
Q

Name the two main branches of the superior mesenteric artery.

A

Jejunum artery
Ileum artery

44
Q

What are the structures of the hindgut?

A

Left one-third of transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Upper part of anal canal

45
Q

What is the artery which supplies the hindgut?

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

46
Q

Name three features of the large intestine which can help to differentiate it from the small intestine.

A

Omental appedices – small, fatty, peritoneal like projections

Haustra or sacculations

Teniae coli – Thickened bands of smooth muscle (longitudinal layer)

47
Q

Name the site where there would be most pain present in a patient presenting with acute appendicitis.

A

MacBurneys Point

48
Q

Where is the appendix found?

A

Can differ but most commonly found retrocecal (behind the cecal)

49
Q

What in the spinal level for the origin of the inferior mesenteric artery?

50
Q

What is the terminal branch of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

Superior rectal artery

51
Q

Name three branches of the inferior mesenteric artery.

A

Left colic
Sigmoid arteries
Superior renal artery

52
Q

Which nerves provide parasympathetic innervation for the abdominal organs?

A

Vagus nerve
Pelvic splanchnic nerves

53
Q

Which nerves provide sympathetic innervation for the abdominal organs?

A

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves
Prevertebral sympathetic ganglia
Abdominal aortic plexus

54
Q

What are the spinal levels for pelvic splanchnic nerves?

55
Q

Name three subdivions for abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

A

Greater
Lesser
Least

56
Q

What is the spinal level for the greater abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?

57
Q

What is the spinal level for the lesser abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?

58
Q

What is the spinal level for the least abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?

59
Q

What is the role of the portal vein?

A

Transports venous blood from the spleen, pancreas, gallbladder and abdominal part of the GIT

60
Q

Which two veins join to form the portal vein?

A

Splenic vein
Superior mesenteric vein

61
Q

Which duct receives most of the lymphatic draining from the abdominal walls and organs?

A

Thoracic duct

61
Q

Where would you find the portal vein?

A

Behind the neck of the pancreas, about L2

62
Q

Name the three terminal groups of lumbar nodes.

A

Pre-aortic
Lateral-aortic
Recto-aortic

63
Q

What does the pre-aortic lumbar nodes drain?

A

Drains organs supplied by the anterior branches of the aorta

64
Q

What does the lateral-aortic lumbar nodes drain?

A

Drains organs supplied by the lateral aortic branches

65
Q

What does the recto-aortic lumbar nodes drain?

A

Drains the posterior abdominal wall

Year 2- Anatomy (14 decks)

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