MSK Introduction Flashcards
What is the purpose of skeleton?
Provides support; determines the shape of the body; acts as lever by acting with muscles to facilitate joint movement; protection; contains red bone marrow for blood cell formation; Mineral store for calcium and phosphates
What are the different types of bones? (e.g. long bones)
Long bones (e.g. femur) ; Short (e.g. Carpals)- strong and limited movement; Irregular (e.g. vertebrae); Flat (e.g. Scapula)- bones are thinner, muscle attachments, source of red bone marrow, Protective; Sesamoid Bones- develop within a tendon. Protect the tendon from excessive wear and often change the angle of the tendons as they pass to their attachments (e.g. patella)
What are the different parts of the bone?
Central Part- Shaft/ diaphysis
Ends- Epiphysis
Between end and central bit- Metaphysis (where the bone plate grows)
What is Spongy bone?
This type of bone is lighter and less dense than compact bone. It contains Trabeculae which are irregular cavities that contain bone marrow.
What is compact bone used for?
This type of bone is more dense and is a lot stronger. For example in the bones in the legs or the arms.
What happens if trabeculae becomes thinner?
Becomes less strong so the risk of osteoporosis increases. Elderly women are more vulnerable.
What are joints?
They connect bone to bone
What are the 3 types of joint?
Dense Fibrous Connective tissue
Cartilaginous Joint
Synovial Joint- Contains synovial fluid (lubricates the joint) which is released by the synovial membrane
What are ligaments?
Connects bone to bone. They prevent excessive movement and guide the bone. If you damage a ligament it makes them more vulnerable to dislocation.
What is the axial skeleton?
Bones in your head, neck, back and chest
What is the appendicular skeleton?
Bones in the rest of your body such as arms, legs etc. This is where the movement occurs.
What does proximal and distal mean?
Proximal means nearer to and distal means further away
What are the 6 types of synovial joint and what movement occurs at each?
Pivot- a rounded process of bone fits into a bony ligamentous socket, permitting rotation (e.g. neck)- unaxial
Ball and socket- a round head fits into a concavity, permitting movement in three planes (e.g. hip joint)- multiaxial
Plane- gliding or sliding movements (e.g. clavicle)- unaxial
Hinge- flexion and extension only (e.g. elbow)- uniaxial
Saddle- saddle shaped head permit movement in two different planes (e.g. finger joint)- biaxial
Condyloid- permit flexion and extension, abduction and addiction and circumduction - biaxial
