Anatomy Flashcards
What is the corpus callosum?
Connects the right and left hemispheres of the brain
What is the foramen magnum?
This is a hole in the base of the skull which connects the brain and the spinal cord
Are spinal nerves part of the CNS or PNS?
PNS
What is the sac of nerves that come out from the base of the spinal cord called?
Cauda equina
At which vertebral level does the spinal cord end in adults? At birth?
L1/L2 (At birth L3/L4)
What shape is the cartilage in the trachea? Why?
C-Shaped. This is so the trachea can change shape during swallowing (narrows when food goes down the oesophagus)
What landmark divides the mediastinum into superior and inferior divisions? At what vertebral level is this located? What rib attaches to the sternal angle?
Sternal angle
T4-T5
2nd rib
What are the 2 openings (superior and inferior) of the thoracic cage?
Superior thoracic aperture
Inferior thoracic aperture
How can you identify thoracic vertebrae?
Due to the presence of demi facets (superior and inferior) which is where the ribs articulate with the thoracic vertebrae
For the T5 vertebrae, which ribs articulate with its inferior and superior demifacets?
Superior= 5th rib
Inferior = 6th rib
How many layers of intercostal muscles are there?
What are they called and what direction are they in?
3 layers.
Internal- Upwards and medially (towards the centre)
Innermost- Vertically
External-Downwards and medially
Between what layers is the neurovascular bundle found in the intercostal space?
Between the internal intercostal muscles and the innermost intercostal muscles.
What is the phrenic nerve? From which spinal cord levels does this nerve arise?
Connects to your diaphragm and is involved in breathing (contraction and relaxation).
C3, C4, C5
Which of the two pleural membranes are sensitive to pain?
Parietal as it contains lots of sensory nerves (somatic afferent fibres) while the visceral layer is not sensitive to pain
What is the lingula?
Only on left upper lobe of lung and is a tongue like projection.
