MSK disorders Flashcards
What is a sprain?
When a ligament gets traumatized.
Attach bone to bone.
Ligament
Ligament pulls loose a fragment of bone.
Avulsion fracture
A partial dislocation of bone.
subluxation
Hemarthrosis
Bleeding into a joint space or cavity
What is the difference between a first, second and third degree sprain?
First - over-stretching of ligament
Second - Partial tear of the ligament
Third - Complete ligament tear
What is some health teaching that we can provide to prevent strains from occuring?
What teaching can we do for an unstable/weak joint?
Stretching and warm up exercises to prevent
Use elastic support or adhesive wrapping to support the joint if weak
What is the acronym for treatment of a sprain? What does each letter stand for?
RICE
R - rest and limit movement of the limb
I - ice (first 24-48 hours); heat after 48 hours (20 mins on, 20 mins off)
C - Compression to control swelling and pain
E - elevation of extremity above heart level to control swelling and improve circulation
The R part of RICE indicates to rest and limit the movement of the _____, not of the ______.
limb, joint
What is the proper ankle wrap technique?
Twice around the foot, low around the ankle, back around the heel, spiral up the leg at 50% stretch, and 50% overlap.
What is a strain?
Stretching or tearing of a muscle or tendon
What does a tendon connect?
Muscle to bone
An RSI would be what kind of injury?
A rotator cuff injury?
Meniscus injury?
Strain (x3)
Carpal tunnel is a large issue in our parents generation, what may plague the younger generation?
Texting thumb - tendonitis (tendosynoviolitis) of the thumb
What nerve is impinged in carpal tunnel syndrome?
Median nurve that runs along the palmar suface
What is the treatment for carpal tunnel?
Rest, analgesics, splint, steroid injections
Surgery is curative
Describe Tinel’s sign for testing for the presence of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Tap over the location of the median nerve - if tingling/burning sensations (parasthesia) occurs, positive for test
Describe Phalen’s test for carpal tunnel syndrome.
Place back of both hands together and hold the wrists in forced flexion for a full minute (stop if sharp pain occurs)
If numbness or pins and needles along the thumb side of half of the hand, client has median nerve entrapment = carpal tunnel
Synovial fluid sacs between tendons and bones near joints
Bursa(s)
Inflamation of the bursa; often precipitated by arthritis, infection, injury, or excessive or traumatic exercise or effort
Bursitis
What is the treatment for bursitis?
rest, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, cold/heat, steroid injections, surgery
What fractures are the most common in pediatrics?
Torus - no dislocation of bone; and Greenstick are the most common