MSK 6 Flashcards
What are the three compartments of the thigh? What main muscles are contained in each?
Extensors of the knee (anterior/lateral): quadriceps, femoral nerve
Flexors of the knee (posterior/lateral): hamstrings, tibial nerve
Adductors of the hip (medial): innervated by obturator nerve
What are the three compartments of the thigh? What main muscles are contained in each?
Extensors of the knee (anterior/lateral): quadriceps, femoral nerve Flexors of the knee (posterior/lateral): hamstrings, tibial nerve Adductors of the hip (medial): innervated by obturator nerve
What are the terminal branches of the lumbosacral plexus?
- femoral nerve: extensors of the knee
- obturator nerve: adductors of the hip (flexor)
- sciatic nerve: tibial and fibular nerves
- tibial nerve: flexors of knee, plantar flexors, and intrinsic flexors of the foot
- fibular nerve: dorsiflexors, extensors, and everters of the foot
What is supplied by the femoral nerve?
- passes under inguinal ligament to innervate the quadriceps
- crosses at the joint to give cutaneous sensation to the medial aspect of the thigh and calf
What is supplied by the obturator nerve?
- goes through obturator foramen
- innervates adductors of the hip
- crosses the knee to become superficial cutaneous nerve supplying medial aspect of the calf
What is supplied by the sciatic nerve?
- comes out at back of pelvis and between hamstring muscles
- tibial nerve gives off its branch to innervate the hamstring
- nerve splits at the back of the knee to anterior and posterior divisions where tibial nerve supplies muscles of the calf (plantarflexors) and fibular nerve supplying the ankle (dorsiflexors and extensors)
Describe specific innervation by tibial nerve
- comes down innervating hamstrings
- at knee, begins to innervate plantar flexors of the calf
- moves around medial malleolus to get into intrinsic flexors of the foot before becoming superifical cutaneous nerve supplying back of calf and underside of foot
Describe specific innervation of the fibular nerve
- from knee, wraps around the fibula
- supplies dorsiflexors of the ankles and extensors of the toes
- once it crosses the joint it becomes superifical cutaneous nerve supplying lateral calf and top of foot
Describe dermatomes of the lower limb
What ligaments stabilize the sacroiliac joint?
- sacroiliac ligament: joins articulating surfaces of sacrum and ilium but does not prevent rotation between the two joints
- sacrotubous ligament
- sacrospinous ligament: pelvic diagphragm runs straight across here
- greater sciatic foramen above the pelvic diaphragm
- lesser sciatic foramen between sacrospinous and sacrotubous ligament is below the pelvic diaphragm
What ligament is found in the hip joint that is not found in the shoulder joint?
- ligamentum teres
- goes from acetabulum to neck of femur
- blood vessel running through this ligament
- labrum is circular part
How is blood supplied to the femoral head?
- “flee the knee”
- femoral artery comes out and goes away from the knee to supply femoral head
- blood vessels can’t go through the ligaments at hip because they would get crushed every time
- goes through the marrow to get to the femoral head
What are the 4 muscle groups acting on the hip?
- flexors: iliopsoas arising from inside of pelvis
- extensors: gluteal
- adductors: sartorius, gracilis
- abductors: gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata (superficial fascia that gets converted into a tendon where gluteus maximus and tensor fascia lata can insert)
What can be seen exiting greater sciatic foramen?
- pudendal nerve (S2,3,4)
- sciatic nerve
- blood vessels
- something above piriformis is superior, below is inferior
