Lab Book

Question 1

What does serous fluid do?

Answer 1

• lubricates the surface of organs allowing them to slide easily within their respective cavitites
• outer layer of these organs is called a serosa

Question 2

The serous layer covering the lungs is the _____ pleura while the serous layer lining the wall of the pleural cavity is known as the _____ pleura

Answer 2

visceral, parietal

Question 3

Where is the descending thoracic aorta?

Answer 3

• located between the heart and the posterior thoracic wall

- delivers blood to organs of thorax, abdomen, and lower extremities

Question 4

Are ribs part of the axial skeleton?

Answer 4

Yes!

Question 5

What structures pass through the foramen magnum?

Answer 5

-spinal cord, vertebral arteries, anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Question 6

What feature of the radius makes it easier to take pulse of radial artery at the wrist rather than the pulse of the ulnar artery?

Answer 6

-distal end of radius is wider than the distal end of the ulna

Question 7

What are cell types that may be observed in connective tissue proper?

Answer 7

-adipocytes, fibroblasts (secrete components that make up ECM), small proportion of immune cells such as macrophages, mast cells, and plasma cells

Question 8

What are the main structural proteins of the ECM?

Answer 8

-collagen, elastin, reticular fibres

Question 9

What is synctium?

Answer 9

• cardiomyocytes to contract together as a single coordinated unit
• gap junctions and desmosomes provide this

Question 10

What are characteristics of the cheek epithelial cell?

Answer 10

• stratified squamous
• non karatinized
• epithelium

Question 11

Which RMS amplitude is larger during maximal activiation in lab activity- bicep or tricep?

Answer 11

-bicep

Question 12

What happened when books were added to the RMS?

Answer 12

• RMS amplitude increases
• this indicates increased electrical activity in the muscle as a whole
• increased electrical activity indicates activation of the muscle (ie. more force generation)

Question 13

Why is evoked EMG clean and distinct while voluntary EMG had noisy waveforms?

Answer 13

• evoked EMG causes one AP to form in muscle (single twitch contraction)
• voluntary activation of the muscle involves generation of multiple APs in the muscle to produce sustained contraction

Question 14

What is the normal range of nerve conduction velocity of somatic motor neuron?

Answer 14

12-130m/s

Question 15

What layer of skin is tattoo ink deposited in?

Answer 15

• dermis

- die gets soaked up by macrophages and fibroblasts

Question 16

What opening in the tentorium cerebelli accomodates the brainstem?

Answer 16

tentorial notch

Question 17

What is the ‘cone’

Answer 17

dura extending through the foramen magnum to the spinal cord is shaped like a cone

Question 18

What region of the brainstem may be compressed during coning? How might this lead to death?

Answer 18

• medulla

- cardiac and respiratory centres are located here