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MSK Flashcards

1
Q

innervation of pec major and minor. Actions?

A

pec major - lat and med pectoral nerve. flexes, extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus
pec minor - med pec nerves. Stabilises scapula, draws it anterior and inferior

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2
Q

subclavius action and innervation

A

action - anchors and depresses clavicle

innervation - nerve to subclavius

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3
Q

function of clavicle

A

shock absorber, protects neurovascular bundle underneath

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4
Q

where do scapula and clavicle join

A

acromioclavicular joint

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5
Q

what are the types of bone and give eg

A

long (humerus), short (carpals), irregular (eg saccrum or coccyx), sesmoid (patella), flat (occipital)

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6
Q

what is an apophysis

A

normal developmental outgrowth of bones that fuses to bone later in development

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7
Q

what is a facet

A

flattened surface for joint or muscle attachment

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8
Q

types of joints and egs

A

cartilaginous - held by hyaline cartilage e.g. pubic symphysis
fibrous - fibrous CT e.g. sutures
synovial - articular cartilage with synovial capsule in between e.g. knee

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9
Q

state anterior forearm muscles and innervation

A

flexor carpi ulnaris, radialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum P and S, pronator quadratus, pronator teres, palmaris longus

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10
Q

state posterior forearm muscles

A

3x3+3
extensor carpi radialis longus brevis, ulnaris
extensor digiti minimi, indices, digitorum
extensor pollicis longus, brevis, abductor pollicis longus
supinator, brachioradialis, anconeus

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11
Q

What are the origins of the brachial plexus nerves - median, musculocutaneous, ulnar, radial, axillary?

A 
median - C5-T1
musculocutaneous - c5-7
radial - c5-t1
ulnar - c8-t1
axillary - C5-6
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12
Q

draw brachial plexus

A

see book

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13
Q

what does musculocutaenous innervate

A

ant muscles of arm - biceps, coracobrachialis and brachialis

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14
Q

what does axillary innervate

A

teres minor, deltoid, GH joint

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15
Q

how would you test ulnar, median, radial motor fucntion?

A

ulnar - test abduction of fingers
medial - test thumb opposition
radial - extend wrist with opposition

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16
Q

what innervates the interossei and what is their action

A

PADDAB

ulnar

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17
Q

what are the thenar muscles and their innervation

A 
Abs FOr Ads
abductor pollicis brevis
flexor pollicis brevis
opponens pollicis (median)
Adductor pollicis brevis (ulnar)
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18
Q

hypothenar muscles?

A

Abs FO

no Ads

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19
Q

how test carpal tunnel syndrome. Symptoms?

A

tinels (tap on nerve and see if pins and needles)

smyptoms - pain and wrist, numbness, atrophy of thenar

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20
Q

what goes through carpal tunnel?

A

FDP, FDS, flexor pollicis, median nerve

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21
Q

what causes carpal tunnel?

A

MEDIAN TRAP

myxoedema, oedema premenstrually, diabetes, idiopathic, acromegaly, neoplasm, trauma, RA, pregnancy

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22
Q

what innervates lumbricals? action?

A

1+2 = median
3+4 = ulnar
bye bye muscle

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23
Q

what causes winged scapula? symptoms?

A

caused by dmg to long thoracic nerve or serratus anterior

symptoms - pain on flexion or abduction of shoulder, scapula border protrudes

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24
Q

what is hand of benediction caused by and action?

A

median damage. lose flexion digits 2 + 3 when trying to make a fist

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25
Q

what is the ulnar paradox

A

ulnar damage more proximal looks better even though worse

because proximal damage takes out half FDP and therefore there is no flexion at distal IP joint of digits 4+5

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26
Q

what is ulnar claw

A

extension at MCP and flexion at distal IP of digits 4+5 when trying to extend

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27
Q

if clavicle fractures, where does each part go

A

lateral displaced downward by weight of arm

medial upwards by pull of SCM

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28
Q

how test axillary nerve

A

abduction of deltoid

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29
Q

what does the radial groove contain

A

radial nerve, deep branch of brachial artery

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30
Q

how does supraepicondyle fracture of humerus happen? what is damaged

A

fall on flexed elbow

damage to brachial artery, median, ulnar, radial nerves

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31
Q

what is dislocation and subluxation

A

dislocation - articular surfaces of joint not in contact

subluxation - partial contact maintained

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32
Q

what is exaggerated primary curvature of spine called

A

kyphosis

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33
Q

where are the primary and secondary curvatures of spine found

A

primary - thoracic and sacral

secondary - cervical and lumbar

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34
Q

describe features of cervical vertebrae

A

bifid spinous process, transverse foramen, large vertebral foramen, smallest size

35
Q

describe features of thoracic vertebrae

A

demi facets for ribs, small vertebral foramen, medium size

36
Q

describe features of lumbar vertebrae

A

largest, small triangular vertebral foramen

37
Q

what is scoliosis caused by

A

unbalanced muscle tonicity

38
Q

what is the elbow joint ligaments

A

ulnar collateral, radial colateral, articular capsule, annular ligament

39
Q

what is blood supply of elbow

A

anastamoses of brachial, radial, ulnar arteries

40
Q

what is the type of joint between the radius and ulna

A

fibrous

41
Q

how do you treat carpal tunnel syndroe

A

steroid injection, splinting, surgery

42
Q

what is colles and smiths

A

colles - falling on outstretched hands

smiths - falling on flexed wrists

43
Q

what is bennetts fracture

A

fracture of 1st base of metacarpal

44
Q

what can cause erbs palsy

A

wound e.g. gunshot, pulling baby head frist

45
Q

what is mallet finger

A

damage to extensor digitorum tendon while catching a ball

46
Q

where does axillary artery start and end

A

start - lateral border of 1st rib from subclavius

end - inferior border of teres major

47
Q

innervations of lat dorsi, trapezius, rhomboids, levator scapulae?

A

lat d - thoracodorsal nerve
trapezius - spinal accessory
rhomboids and levator - dorsal scapula nerve

48
Q

innervation of subscapularis and teres major

A

subscapularis - upper and lower subscapular nerves

teres major - lower subscapular nerves

49
Q

borders of anatomical snuffbox

A

medial - extensor pollicis longus
lateral - abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
floor - scaphoid

50
Q

what does acetabular notch contain

A

ligament of head of femur with artery to head of femur

51
Q

what is the blood supply to the acetabulum

A

medial and lateral circumflex femoral artery with artery to head of femur

52
Q

what is slipped upper femoral epiphysis

A

fracture through femoral epiphyseal plate and femur rides upwards

53
Q

what happens to the leg in a hip dislocation or fracture

A

dislocation - shortened and medially rotated

fracture - shortened and laterally rotated

54
Q

what type of fracture is trochanteric and femoral neck fracture?

A

trochanteric - extra capsular

femoral neck - intracapsular

55
Q

where does inguinal ligament attach

A

ASIS and pubic tubercle

56
Q

name the bursitises of the hip and a cause

A

trochanteric - RA
ischogluteal - bike or horse riding
illiopsoas - swelling

57
Q

give the superficial drainage of the lower limb

A

femoral vein from external iliac. great saphenous vein runs medially from femoral and becomes dorsal venous arch. small saphenous vein starts from popliteal vein and runs posteriorly

58
Q

deep venous drainage of LL

A

femoral from external iliac. Profunda femoris splits from femoral (drains deep thigh). Femoral –> popliteal –> splits after knee into ant and post tibial vein and fibular vein

59
Q

superficial venous drainage of UL

A

axillary vein –> basilic, brachial, cephalic. Median cubital connects basilic and cephalic. basilic and cephalic continue to distal arm and hand.

60
Q

deep venous drainage UL

A

brachial from axillary. Profundia brachial vein splits to drain inner upper arm. brachial –> radial and ulnar/

61
Q

action of fibularis and tibialis

A

fibularis - eversion

tibialis - inversion

62
Q

innervation of anterior and lateral leg

A

anterior - deep fibular

lateral leg - superficial fibular

63
Q

name the knee bursae and where found

A

suprapatellar - rectus femoris and femus
subpatellar - patella and skin
superficial infrapatellar - tibial tuberosity and skin
deep infrapatellar - patella tendon and tibia

64
Q

what is housemaids knee

A

prepatella bursitis

65
Q

what is the unhappy triad of symptoms and how does it occur

A

lateral blow to flexed knee

acl, mcl, and medial meniscus tear

66
Q

diagnosis of OA on xray

A

osteophytes, sclerosis, loss of joint space, bony cysts

67
Q

in what position is ankle stronger?

A

dorsiflexion

68
Q

what are the ankle ligaments

A

medial - deltoid ligament (tibionavicular, tibiocalcaneal, tibiotalar)
lateral - talofibular (anterior and posterior), calcaneofibular

69
Q

what side ankle ligaments are w4eaker

A

lateral

70
Q

what is the syndesmosis of tibia and fibula made of

A

ant and post ligament of lateral malleolus and interosseus membrane

71
Q

describe muscles used through the gait cycle

A 
heel strike - glutes and dorsiflexors
loading - quads
stance - plantar flexors and abductors (stability)
pressing - digit flexors and hip flexors
swing - dorsiflexors and hip flexors
72
Q

what are the dermatomes of the lower limb

A

see session 4 MSK

73
Q

dermatomes of upper limb

A

see session 4 MSK

74
Q

Name muscles of anterior thigh and action and innervation

A 
all femoral 
quadriceps muscles - extend knee joint
sartorius - flex, abduct, lateral rotate hip (cross legs)
pectineus - adduction and flexion of hip
illiopsoas - flexes hip
75
Q

Name muscles of posterior thigh and action and innervation

A

all sciatic

all flex at knee and extend at hip

76
Q

Name muscles of medial thigh and action and innervation

A

all obturator nerve

adductor magnus, longus, brevis, gracialis - adducts

77
Q

nerve roots of femoral, obturator and sciatic

A

femoral and obturator - l2-l4

sciatic - l5-s2

78
Q

muscles of superficial gluteus, innervation and action

A

maximus - inferior gluteal nerve. Extensor of thigh

medius and minimus - superior gluteal nerve. Abducts and medially rotates lower limb

79
Q

muscles of deep gluteus, innervation and action

A 
All laterally rotate and abduct
Pretty Girls Often Grow Old Quickly
Piriformis - piriformis nerve
Gemelli superior - ob internus
ob internus - ob internus nerve
gemelli inferior - quadratus femoris nerve
ob externus - ob externus nerve
quadratus femoris - quadratus femoris nerve
80
Q

muscles of lateral leg, innervation and action

A

fibularis longus and brevis
superficial fibular nerve
evert and plantarflex

81
Q

muscles of anterior legm innervation and action

A

All deep fibular
tibialis anterior - dorsiflexion + inversion
extensor digitorum - extend 4 toes + dorsiflex
extensor hallucis longus - extend big toe + dorsiflex

82
Q

muscles of posterior leg innervation and action

A

All tibial nerve
gastrocnemius, plantaris, soleus - plantarflex
popliteus - laterally rotates femur, pops knee out of locking
tibialis post - inverts + plantarflexes
flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

83
Q

Order of tendons, arteries and nerves at medial malleolus

A

Tom, Dick And Nervous Harry - anterior to posterior

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery, tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus

PPE (18 decks)

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