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PPE > HPHD > Flashcards

HPHD Flashcards

1
Q

biomedical and biopsychosocial model?

A

biomedical - biological cause

biopsychosocial - bio + psych + social cause

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2
Q

why stereotypes?

A

info organised in schemata to save processing power. Ppl put into schemata and diversity overlooked. Prone to negative traits

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3
Q

what is prejudice and discrimination

A

prejudice - -ve attitudes based on stereotypes

discrimination - behaviour affected

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4
Q

how to avoid stereotypes#?

A

reflection and knowing people

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5
Q

how does ageing affect cognition?

A

decrease IQ, memory loss, processing speed most affected, crystallised intelligence

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6
Q

2 models of ageing?

A

activity and disengatgement

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7
Q

disability medical and social model?

A

medical - problem is with impairment (loss of physical or psychological structure)
social - problem with social organisation

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8
Q

WHAT IS health related behaviour?

A

anything that +vely or -vely impacts behaviour

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9
Q

what is operant conditioning and how to change?

A

behaviour due to ST rewards. change by rewarding self for not doing

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10
Q

what is social learning and how to change?

A

monkey see, monkey do.

change with celebrities doing shit

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11
Q

how manage alcohol acutely and chronically

A

acutely - fluids, electrolytes, glucose, B1

chronic - disulfiram, B1 (prevent wernickes encephalopathy), valium (treat withdrawal)

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12
Q

What is motivational interviewing

A

avoiding argument, support self efficacy, empathy, develop discrepancy between behaviour and goals

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13
Q

what is adherence and compliance?

A

adherence - patient coincides with med advice

compliance - patient complies with med advice

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14
Q

adherence in diseases?

A

low in chronic, asymptomatic conditions

high in symptomatic conditions

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15
Q

how to measure adherence indirectly and directly?

A

indirect - self/carer report, pill counts

direct - urine/blood sample, direct observation

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16
Q

why unintentional and intentional non adherence occurs

A

unintentional - memory, misunderstand how/when to take drug, limited resources
intentional - BEAM - beliefs, expectations, attitudes, motivation

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17
Q

body responses to stress?

A

increase symp, cortisol, HR. immune system (ST)

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18
Q

ST and LT effects of stress?

A

ST - awareness, sharp, increase thinking and performance

LT - tiredness, anxiety, performance, substance abuse, decrease motivation and immunosuppression

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19
Q

tools to measure stress

A

stressful life events

daily hassles and uplifts

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20
Q

what is stress reappraisal

A

is it easier/harder to cope then i thought#/

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21
Q

what factors moderate impact of stress?

A

control of situation, social support

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22
Q

Strategies to manage stress? cognitive, behavioural, emotional, physical, and non cognitive?

A

cognitive - hypothesis testing, restructuring
behavioural - time management, skills training
emotional - social support, counselling
physical - exercise, meditation
drugs

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23
Q

what is emotion focussed coping

A

change emotions of stress via:
behavioural - talking to friends, drugs
cognitive - change thoughts e.g. denial, + thinking

24
Q

what is problem focussed coping

A

change problem or resources via:
decrease demands of stressful situation - e.g. find out how to cope
expend resources to deal with it

25
Q

how to help patients deal with stress?

A

increase social support, pt control, prepare pt for stress, teach stress management

26
Q

NICE guidelines on dealing with depression and anxiety?

A

low - group CBT and self help
severe - individual CBT and SSRI
anxiety - same but less SSRI

27
Q

limits of biomedical pain model?

A

phantom pain, no physical dmg but pain,

28
Q

define chronic pain

A

> 3 mths, rest no help, no ongoing tissue damage

29
Q

purpose of pain management programs?

A

give patient control of pain, increase coping mechanisms and work or fitness and mobility

30
Q

what is psychodynamic therapy, who is it useful for

A

addresses underlying conflicts from a young age. use with personality problems, interpersonal problems, willing to tolerate mental pain

31
Q

what is family therapies

A

looks at interactions and meanings

32
Q

techniques of behavioural CBT

A

RRAG - roleplay, reinforcement and reward, activity scheduling, Graded exposure

33
Q

techniques of cognitive CBT

A

REEMS - rehearsal coping, Examine -ve thoughts, Education of cognitive model, Monitor thoughts, Schema work

34
Q

what is cbt philosophy

A

not problem with situation but our view of it

35
Q

what is cbt useful for

A

depression, anxiety, eating disorder, phobia, ocd, ptsd

36
Q

when can baby recognise strangers and form attachments

A

strangers - 3 months

attachments - 7-8 months

37
Q

what are the attachement styles?

A

secure

insecure - avoidant, ambivalent, disorganised

38
Q

3 phases that a hospitalised child goes through. how does this impact child?

A

phases - protest, despair, detachment

rsults in depression, anxiety, changing behaviour, lacking sleep, increase pain and stress and decreae adherence

39
Q

piagets 4 stages of childhood cognition?

A

sensorimotor, 0-2 yrs - think by doing
preoperational, 2-7 - egocentric, language and imagination develop
concrete operational, 7-12 - logical, can see others POV
formal operational, 12+ - abstract, hypothetic deductive reasonijng

40
Q

vygotskys theory of social development?

A

cone of proximal development, learn thorugh shared problem solving

41
Q

how to communicate with children?

A

use face pain scale, zone of proximity, dont use metaphors, ask parents to explain, smile, be positive

42
Q

how culture can affect health? how would you counteract this

A

stigmas, making sense of symptoms, may not find treatment acceptable
need more time to explain things to help them adhere

43
Q

3 forms of dying?

A

gradual, catastrophic, premature

44
Q

5 stages of acceptance of death?

A

denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance

45
Q

chronic grief risk factors?

A

mentally disabled, depression, sudden death, stress, grief discourages

46
Q

what sexual problems can arise and give examples

A

desire - lack of
arousal - ED, sexual arousal disorder
orgasm - rapid ejaculation, inhibited orgasm
other - vaginismus, sexual aversion, pregnancy

47
Q

factors leading to sex problems - precipitating, predisposing, self and partner perpetuating

A

precipitating - physical, psychosocial, life event
predisposing - false beliefs, poor communication, early sex trauma
self perpetuating - loss of confidence, guilt, shame, anger
partner perpetuating - loss in communication, guilt, blaming

48
Q

what is psychosexual therapy

A

treats couples and facilitates communication, change in attitudes and beliefs

49
Q

what is gender identity

A

internal perception of gender

50
Q

what is gender role

A

way person acts in society

51
Q

define transgender and transsexual

A

transgender - different gender identity to birth sex

transsexual - desire to live life as opposite gender

52
Q

how provide good care for LGBT

A

illegal to discriminate, challenge -ve views, respect pts, no pejudice

53
Q

why tell pts bad nes

A

maintain trust, pts ned to know, open communication, allows adjustment, prevent unrealistic expectations

54
Q

blocking behaviours in bad news/

A

changing subject, focussing on physical aspect, not adressing concerns

55
Q

how to give bad news?

A

SPIKES
Setting - listen and privacy
Patient perception - What does pt already know?
Invitation - accept refusal to know more
Knowledge - small chunks of info, clear language, check understanding
Empathy
Strategy - summarise, optimism but not reassuring, opp to ask qs, offer to call friend

PPE (18 decks)

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