MSK

Question 1

How do glucocorticoids lead to neutrophilia but decreased levels of eosinophils, monocytes, and lympocytes?

Answer 1

Impair neutrophil extravasation by inhibiting L-selectin (adhesion molecule on neutrophils) and IL-8(to attract neutros). This leads to inc. circulating levels in blood stream.
But apoptosis of other cells causing dec. levels.

Question 2

What problems can a dislocated Lunate lead to?

Answer 2

Can lead to compression of the median nerve. sensory and motor deficits in the first 3 fingers
weakness in 1 and 2 lumbricals (affecting extension)
Thenar muscles - abductor pollicis brevis (thumb abduction),
flexor pollicis brevis (thumb flexion), and opponens pollicis (thumb opposition)

Question 3

What interleukin is closely associated with severity of Giant cell arteritis

Answer 3

IL-6

Question 4

2 classic causes of avascular necrosis (usually femoral head)

Answer 4

Sickle cell crisis

Long term steroid use

Question 5

main artery suppling rectus abdominus below arcuate? Above?

Answer 5

inferior epigastric supplies below arcuate line. Because below the arcuate line there is no posterior sheath, just anterior, this artery is predisposed to hemorrhaging.
Superior rectus muscles are suppled by superior epigastric

Question 6

Hip flexion and extension muscles

Answer 6

Flexion:
iliopsoas
rectus femoris
tensor fascia lata

Extension:
Gluteus maximus
semitendinosis
semimembranosus
bicep femoris - long head