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Anatomy > MS System: Joints & Muscles > Flashcards

MS System: Joints & Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Joint functions x3

A
  • Facilitate growth
  • Transmit forces
  • Allow movement
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2
Q

Why do younger ppl have more joints

A
  • Epiphyseal plate hasn’t fused, so more cartilage
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3
Q

Synarthroses

- & example

A

Immovable, fixed

- skull

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4
Q

Amphiarthroses

- & example

A

Slightly movable

- spinal column

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5
Q

Diarthroses

- & example

A

Very movable

- knee

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6
Q

Sutures

  • type
  • info
  • example
A
  • Fibrous joint
  • Dense fibre network holds bones together
  • Skull vault bones
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7
Q

Syndesmosis

  • type
  • info
  • example
A
  • Fibrous
  • Fibrous membrane between bones
  • Between radius & ulnar
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8
Q

Primary synchondrosis

  • type
  • info x2
  • example
A
  • Cartilaginous
  • bone - hyaline - bone
  • V strong, no movement
  • 1st costosternal joint
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9
Q

Secondary synchondrosis

  • type
  • info x2
  • example
A
  • Cartilaginous
  • bone - hyaline - fibrocartilage - hyaline - bone
  • Midline of body, limited movement (amphiarthroses)
  • Pubic symphysis, intervertebral disks
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10
Q

Synovial

- info x2

A
  • Most common

- Friction-free movement

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11
Q

Soft tissue joint classification (3 types)

A
  • Fibrous
  • Cartilaginous
  • Synovial
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12
Q

Features of a synovial joint x4

A
  • Fibrous capsule
  • Synovial membrane
  • Articular cartilage
  • Articular cavity/capsule
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13
Q

Fibrous capsule

  • structure
  • function x2
A
  • Collagen fibres, rich nerve supply

- Gives structure, holds bones together

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14
Q

Fibrous capsule & ligaments….

A

Fibrous capsule can thicken along lines of stress –> ligaments

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15
Q

Why is nerve supply important in the fibrous capsule

A

Important for proprioception

body’s awareness of its position in space

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16
Q

Synovial membrane

  • location
  • structure
  • function x2
A
  • Inside of fibrous capsule
  • Collagenous tissue
  • Produces synovial fluid, lubricates joint
17
Q

Articular cartilage

  • location
  • structure
  • function
A
  • Lines ends of bone
  • Hyaline cartilage
  • Friction-free surface
18
Q

Problem w structure of articular cartilage

A
  • Avascular (no blood vessels) –> poor blood supply –> poor at repairing itself
19
Q

Synovial fluid

- functions x3

A
  • Reduces friction
  • Provides metabolites to articular cartilage
  • Removes waste
20
Q

Synovial fluid & viscosity

A

Can change physical property depending on force going through it

  • relaxed movement –> low
  • strong force –> thickens –> shock absorber
21
Q

Range of movement determined by….

A

Shape of articular surface

e.g. ball & socket = 3 planes

22
Q

Stability influenced by… x3

A
  • Shape of bones
  • Strength & position of ligaments
  • Muscle tone (more = more stable)
23
Q

Muscle tone

A

Continuous low-level pull within a muscle

24
Q

Intra-articular discs

  • what
  • where
  • function
  • example
A
  • Fibrocartilage disks
  • Joints w rotatory movements
  • ‘deepen’ the joint –> more stable
  • Knee
25
Q

Gomphosis

  • type
  • info
  • example
A
  • Fibrous
  • ‘peg & socket’
  • Teeth in jaw
26
Q

Components in muscle functional groups x3

A
  • Prime mover –> main participant
  • Synergists –> other muscles = assist
  • Antagonists –> group that opposes movement
27
Q

Deep fascia

  • types x3
  • at end of muscle fibre…
A
  • Endomysium (round 1 fascicle/muscle fibre)
  • Perimysium (round fascicles)
  • Epimysium (dense sheath on surface)
  • –
  • All come together –> tendon
28
Q

Myostatin

  • what
  • if defective…
A
  • Inhibits differentiation of skeletal muscle

- Loses inhibition of muscle cell growth

29
Q

Ligament function

A

Restrict movement, protects joint

30
Q

Intrinsic ligament

A

Part of capsule

31
Q

Extrinsic ligament

A

Outside of capsule (e.g. knee)

32
Q

Sprain

A

Overstretching of a ligament

33
Q

Bursae

  • what
  • where
  • function
  • example
A
  • Sacs lined w synovial membrane (therefore, lubricated w synovial fluid)
  • Where friction occurs (e.g. between skin & bone)
  • Prevent rubbing
  • e.g. in knee
34
Q

Synovial sheaths

  • what
  • where
  • why
  • example
  • problem
A
  • Specialised bursae
  • Surround tendons subject to pressure
  • Prevent rubbing (in long tendons)
  • e.g. in hand (finger to wrist)
  • Are routes for infection - as are long
35
Q

Osteoarthritis

  • type of disease
  • where
  • what
A
  • degenerative (due to excess use)
  • weight-bearing joints
  • extra bone growth –> loss of joint space
36
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

  • type of disease
  • where
  • what
A
  • autoimmune
  • any joint
  • antibodies attack synovial membrane –> destroys articular cartilage

Anatomy (10 decks)

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