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Pathology Exam 1 > MS: Soft Tissue Dysfunction > Flashcards

MS: Soft Tissue Dysfunction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fibrous components in extracelluar matrix?

A

collagen and elastin

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2
Q

What are the ground structures for connective tissue?

A

glycoproteins and proteglycans, water

for joint lubrication

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3
Q

What are the regions for stretching?

A

toe, elastic, plastic, failure

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4
Q

What is creep in regards to viscoelasticity?

A

the ability to deform over time when a constant load is applied

in LBP pts making sure they get up every 30 mins to counteract creep

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5
Q

What is stress relaxation in regards to viscoelasticity?

A

reduction in stress within a material over time as the material is subject to constant deformation

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6
Q

What effects viscoelasticity?

A
  1. immobilization- weakness of soft tissue
  2. overuse- can’t adapt and build starts breaking down
  3. hormones- low estrogen in females causes laxity in women
  4. disease- lung and heart issues cause lack of O2 to tissue
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7
Q

What is a strain?

A

acute injury to muscle or tendon

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8
Q

What is a sprain?

A

injury to ligament of jt capsule

ex. dislocation, subluxation, instability

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9
Q

What is the basic function of a tendon?

A

to be able to elongate (stretch) and sustain force (strength)

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10
Q

what is a microstrain of tendon?

A

why is this tendon breaking down, possible over use?

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11
Q

What is a macrostrain of tendon?

A

the tendon is torn

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12
Q

What are healing factors of a tendon?

A

age

vascularity- for example supraspinatus and achilles have poor blood supply

comorbidities, auto immune meds

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13
Q

What is tendinopathy?

A

a big subcategory, a general descriptors to include all pathologies that arise in and around tendons

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14
Q

What is tendonosis?

A

the breakdown within the tendon likely due to ageing, microtrauma and vascular compromises

often palpable with no swelling but it is tender

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15
Q

Would you use anti- inflammatory with pt with tendonosis?

A

No, b/c these will decrease blood flow to the area

goal of PT is to rebuild tendon, therefore you need swelling

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16
Q

What is tendinitis?

A

overuse, or symptomatic degeneration of the tendon with vascular disruption and inflammatory repair

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17
Q

Do you want to use anti- inflammatory meds with tendinitis patients?

A

Yes, to decrease blood flow to promote reduced swelling

use PRICE

18
Q

What is paratenonitis?

A

inflammation of the outer layer of the tendon, external architecture is affecting the tendon

ex. the sheath of tendon

19
Q

What is De Quervains disease?

A

AB Pl and Ext PL tendon sheaths

create a sandpaper effect during motion

20
Q

Treatment for tendonosis?

A

a lot of eccentric training to generate length and force

create microswelling

load and stretch tendon

21
Q

Treatment for tendonitis?

A

PRICE

concentric—–> eccentric

22
Q

Treatment for paratenonitis?

A

whats not efficient around the tendon and fix it

23
Q

What are primary stabilizers of a joint?

A

ligaments and capsule- 1st

muscles- 2nd

24
Q

What is a muscle strain?

A

results usually from a sudden stretch on a muscle that is actively contracting

25
Q

What is a 1st degree strain?

A

some stretching of the muscle fibers

pain increases as muscle contracts

slight swelling, pain at site of injury

26
Q

What is a 2nd degree strain?

A

actual tearing of some muscle fibers (5%-95%)

same as 1st but Sx last longer

bruising distal or at site of injury

27
Q

What is a 3rd degree strain?

A

complete rupture of muscle

total loss of function, palpable defect in muscle

less pain due to nerve endings death

28
Q

What is a 1st degree sprain?

A

ligaments stretched with little or no tearing of fibers

less pain but jt feels unstable

slight swelling, mild tenderness with firm end feel

29
Q

What is 2nd degree sprain?

A

partial tearing of ligament’s fibers (5-95%)

soft but definite end feel- loss of joint function (blood in joint)

symptoms lasts longer than 1st degree

30
Q

What is a 3rd degree sprain?

A

complete rupture of ligament’s fibers

empty or absent end feel

joint laxity or instability, complete loss of jt function

severe swelling

31
Q

What are two forms of bursitis?

A
  1. subcutaneous- can be large and not affect joint, not pain unless hit, swelling remains in sac (prepatellar, olecranon)
  2. Bursa seperating tendinous or ligamentous tissue like in Pes Anserine often cause high pain with motion (system no effecient)

Treatment- cortisone injection

32
Q

What is a peripheral nerve injury?

A

entrapment of nerves where symptoms are always distal

sx: dull ache, weakness

Ex: median, radian nerve

33
Q

What is a spinal nerve root injury?

A

pinching up root like C6 (radiculopathy)

pain in a larger area, numbness distal with increased pressure, motor weakness, absent of reflexes (hypo-)

34
Q

what are spinal cord compression symptoms?

A

myelopathy- bilaterally

UMN signs and symtpons- numbness distally, spasticity, HYPERreflexia, clonus (uncontrolled mvmt)

balance and gait distubences, Babinski sign’s

sudden changes in bowel or bladder function

35
Q

What are examples of fibrocaritlage?

A

menisci, IV discs, pubic symphysis

reduces friction

36
Q

What is articular cartilage?

A

aka hyaline

any articular surface, strong tensile strength, flexible support

Fx- absorbs and spreads load across jt surface, decreases friction

doesn’t heal well- due to little or no blood supply

37
Q

How does articular cartilage get nutrition?

A

provided by synovial fluid

this is impt in rehab to promote synovial fluid to joint affected (bike, MET)

38
Q

What is Osteoarthritis (OA) or Degenerative Joint disorder (DJD)?

A

degeneration of articular cartilage and is most common musculoskeletal disorder

39
Q

What is the cause of DJD/OA?

A

still unknown:

  1. genetic predisposition/ obesity causes articular cartilage defect/damage
  2. posttraumatic- trauma or intra-articular cartilage fx disrupts AC
  3. immobility or excessive loading can cause failure
40
Q

Signs and symptoms of OA/DJD?

A

joint pain, reduced motion, crepitus with motion, deformity (Wolff’s law), muscle weakness

synovitis can occur due to breakdown of jt surface

severity depends on when pain occurs- after, during or before activity?

41
Q

PT management of OA/DJD?

A

meds- to reduce swelling

PT- best response for joint conservation

Surgery- clean it out or replace it

Pathology Exam 1 (7 decks)

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