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Intro > MS - Knee Pain > Flashcards

MS - Knee Pain Flashcards

1
Q

What are menisci?

A

C-shaped wedges of fibrocartilage between tibial plateau and femoral condyle

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2
Q

What do menisci prevent?

A

Bone on bone friction

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3
Q

What is special about the medial meniscus?

A

it is larger and more tightly tethered to the tibia

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4
Q

What are the two common groups of incidence for meniscal injuries?

A

young athletes and men/women over 55

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5
Q

What is the MOI for meniscal injuries?

A

Twisting motion with foot planting on ground; wearing down with age

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6
Q

What are the symptoms of meniscal injuries?

A

Locking/popping
Catching
Painful clicking
“giving way” - can still put all weight on injured leg

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7
Q

What are the signs of a meniscal injury?

A

Edema/hemarthrosis that develops slower than ACL injury
decreased ROM
May block full extension
Joint space tenderness in 60-80% of patients

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8
Q

How is a meniscus injury diagnosed?

A

MRI

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9
Q

What is a non-surgical treatment option for meniscal injury?

A

RICE - when there are no mechanical symptoms and in the case of a degenerative tear

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10
Q

What are the two types of surgical treatments for meniscal injury?

A

Arthroscopic debridement or repair

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11
Q

What type of patients typically undergo surgical repair for meniscal injury?

A

Younger patients
Locked knee symptoms
Non-responsive to non-surgical intervention

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12
Q

What type of tear is possible to repair?

A

peripheral

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13
Q

What is meniscal surgery that removes part of the meniscus?

A

Partial meniscectomy

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14
Q

What is inserted into the knee for an arthroscopic surgery?

A

camera and irrigating instrument

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15
Q

What is the main stabilizing ligament of the knee joint?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament

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16
Q

What is the job of the anterior cruciate ligament?

A

absorbs forces as the knee is in motion (esp. deceleration); keeps tibia from moving forward in relation to the femur

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17
Q

Does an ACL injury require contact?

A

Most commonly a non-contact injury

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18
Q

Are men or women more likely to injure their ACLs?

A

Women are 2-8 times more likely to tear than males

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19
Q

What is the highest incidence of ACL injuries?

A

14-18 year old girls; at this age, 4-5 times more likely to be female than male

20
Q

How much more likely are women than men to injure their ACLs at the college age?

A

2-3x

21
Q

What caused an increased involvement in women’s sports and when?

A

Title IX
1972 - 264,000 HS female athletes
2006 - 3.5 million HS female athletes

22
Q

What is a Q angle?

A

Women have wider pelvises than males

23
Q

What is the quad to hamstring relationship that effects ACL injuries?

A

Quadricep muscles pull on ACL (increase anterior tibial movement) while hamstring muscles protect ACL (moves tibia posteriorly); an imbalance can cause quads to pull on ACL and increase risk of injury

24
Q

What structures are part of the terrible triad?

A

ACL, MCL, Medial meniscus

25
Q

What is the MOI for ACL injury?

A

when ligament is stretched beyond its normal elasticity; Plant and Pivot; sudden deceleration and pivoting

26
Q

What puts the knee in a vulnerable position for an ACL tear?

A

hyperextension

27
Q

How should one properly land compared to how many women tend to land when jumping?

A

One should land on their toes with knees and hips bent; Women tend to land with knees and hip not sufficiently bent, with valgus and not on their toes

28
Q

How does hemarthrosis present in an ACL tear?

A

quick onset; swelling and pressure

29
Q

What is used to diagnose ACL injury?

A

MRI

30
Q

What is the treatment for ACL injury?

A

RICE/crutches; Aspirin for hemarthroses; Knee immobilizer or range-of-motion brace

31
Q

What is important to have early in an ACL injury

A

ROM

32
Q

What does ACL injury treatment depend on?

A

patient’s age and activity level

33
Q

What is the best option for successful return to function?

A

ACL surgery

34
Q

What are three test done in a PE to determine if the ACL is damaged?

A

Anterior drawer test
Lockman test
Pivot shift (clunk)

35
Q

What are 5 ways to prevent ACL injuries in girls and women?

A

Avoid vulnerable positions (esp when landing)
Increase flexibility
Increase strength
Engage in explosive exercises that increase power, strength, and speed
Increase proprioception through development of agility

36
Q

What is the best treatment for ACL injury?

A

Prevention

37
Q

What collateral ligament injury is more common?

A

MCL

38
Q

What are symptoms of an MCL injury?

A

Pain; inability to continue activity after injury

39
Q

What are the physical exam findings for an injured MCL?

A

Pain to palpation of MCL
Laxity to valgus stress test (test at 30 degrees of flexion)
Edema not usually present

40
Q

How is an MCL injury diagnosed?

A

MRI

41
Q

What is the MOI of LCL injury?

A

Varus force

42
Q

What are the symptoms of an LCL injury?

A

Pain on lateral aspect of knee; if no other structural injury, patient will be able to resume activities

43
Q

What are the physical exam findings of an LCL injury?

A

Pain to palpation on lateral aspect of knee; may be edema; varus laxity

44
Q

How is an LCL injury diagnosed?

A

MRI

45
Q

Describe varus force

A

medial to lateral force; damage to LCL

46
Q

Describe valgus force

A

lateral to medial force; damage to MCL

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