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Intro > BM - Anxiety Disorders > Flashcards

BM - Anxiety Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define anxiety

A

Apprehension, tension, or uneasiness from anticipation of danger/threat

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2
Q

What is the adaptive function of anxiety

A

anxieties help us be safe

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3
Q

Define pathological anxiety

A

When anxiety interferes with effectiveness in living, achievement of desired goals or satisfaction, or reasonable emotional comfort

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4
Q

What are the physical symptoms of anxiety

A

Chest pressure/pain, choking, dyspnea, tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, twitching/tremor, G/I distress, difficulty swallowing, dizziness, paresthesia, difficulty concentrating

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5
Q

What should be considered when diagnosing anxiety

A

History, mental status exam, physical exam, laboratory tests, psychological evaluations

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6
Q

What is panic disorder

A

The presence of recurrent, unexpected panic attacks followed by at least 1 month of one of the needed symptoms

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7
Q

What are the symptoms that patients must have at least one of to meet criteria for panic disorder

A
  1. Persistent concern about having additional attacks
  2. Worry about the implications or consequences of the attacks
  3. A significant change in behavior related to the attacks
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8
Q

What is a panic attack

A

A discrete period of intense apprehension, fearfulness, or terror, often associated with a feeling of impending doom all in the absence of any real danger

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9
Q

What are the symptoms of a panic attack (need at least 4)

A

Palpitations, sweating, trembling, SOB, chest pain, feeling of choking, nausea, dizziness/lightheaded, paresthesia; All develop abruptly and peak within 10 minutes

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10
Q

What is the average age of onset for panic disorder

A

adolescence through mid 30s

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11
Q

What is panic disorder often comorbid with

A

Mood and substance disorders

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12
Q

What is the etiology of panic disorder

A

Neurotransmitters, genetics, psychological factors (stressors, triggers)

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13
Q

What is the criteria for specific phobia

A

Marked and persistent fear provoked by presence or anticipation of a specific object or situation (animals, heights, planes, blood); recognizes that the fear is excessive or unreasonable (with the exception of children)

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14
Q

What is the criteria for social anxiety disorder

A

Marked and persistent fear of social or performance situations where there are unfamiliar people or potential scrutiny by others; fear that they will act in a way (or have anxiety sx) that are humiliating/embarrassing; also aware that the fear is excessive or unreasonable

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15
Q

What is the criteria for obsessive-compulsive disorder

A

Presence of obsessions or compulsions; recognition that obsessions/compulsions are excessive/unreasonable; the obsessions/compulsions cause marked distress, are time consuming (>1 hour/day), or significantly interfere with normal routine, functioning, relationships

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16
Q

Define obsession

A

Anxiety provoking thought

17
Q

Define compulsioin

A

Repetitive behavior that patient performs to reduce obsession/thoughts

18
Q

What are common symptom patterns with OCD

A

Contamination/germs, performing compulsions a set number of times, symmetry, not stepping on cracks, pathological doubt

19
Q

What is the onset and trend of OCD

A

Male and female have equal rate; onset in adolescence/young adulthood

20
Q

What are the symptoms of Post traumatic stress disorder

A
  1. Exposure to actual or threatened death/injury, or sexual violence
  2. Intrusion symptoms (memories, dreams, dissociative reactions/flashbacks)
  3. Persistent avoidance of stimuli associated with the trauma
  4. Negative alterations in cognition/mood
  5. Alterations in arousal
  6. Duration of symptoms is greater than 1 month
  7. Clinically significant impairment/distress in social, occupational, other functioning
21
Q

Give examples of the negative alterations in cognition/mood

A
  1. Inability to recall important aspect of trauma
  2. Negative belief/emotional state; unable to experience positive emotions
  3. Diminished interest/participation in significant activities
  4. Feeling detached/estranged from others
22
Q

Give examples of alterations in arousal

A
  1. Irritability, angry outbursts
  2. Reckless/self-destructive behavior
  3. Hypervigilance
  4. Exaggerated startle response
  5. Can’t concentrate
  6. Sleep disturbance
23
Q

What are the risk factors of PTSD

A

occupation with high risk of traumatic experiences such as first responders and military

24
Q

What is the criteria for generalized anxiety disorder

A

Excessive anxiety and worry about a number of events or activities occurring more days than not for at least 6 months; Difficult to control the worry; Need at least 3 symptoms (1 in children)

25
Q

What are the symptoms of which 3 are needed for GAD

A

Restlessness, fatigue/sleep disturbances, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension*, sleep disturbances

26
Q

What is other information about GAD

A
  1. Most worries are unlikely to happen
  2. Many bodily representations of anxiety
  3. Lifelong disorder
27
Q

What are some anxiety disorders that are caused by a medical condition

A

Asthma, allergies, PE, angina, arrythmias, CHF, alterations in BP, hyperthyroid, hypoglycemia, electrolyte disturbances, seizures, PMS

28
Q

Substance/medication-induced anxiety disorder

A

Stimulants, anticholinergics, drug withdrawal, hallucinogens, indomethacin

29
Q

What is good to establish to begin treatment with anxiety patient

A

Good rapport with patient and empathetic response to the patient’s story

30
Q

What are some treatments for anxiety

A

Psychotherapy should be the first treatment method; Pharmacotherapy w/ SSRI’s and SNRI’s

31
Q

What is the role of prescribing benzodiazepines for anxiety

A

prescribe short-term while waiting for SSRI’s or SNRI’s to begin working or as PRN for panic attacks; they are very addicting but can be very helpful, ex) Xanax, valium

32
Q

How to treat social phobia

A

Inderal - blood pressure medication that controls physical symptoms of anxiety; may need to be on SSRI or SNRI if more severe

33
Q

How to treat specific phobia

A

take small steps to overcome phobia with coping techniques and possibly benzos

34
Q

What are other ways to treat all anxieties

A

Adequate sleep, decrease caffeine, exercise

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