GU Packet 5 Flashcards
where does renal cell carcinoma take place
renal cortex
What percentage of kidney cancer is RCC
90-95%
When does RCC typically become symptomatic
tumor>10 cn or metastases
What is a hallmark of RCC
lack of early warning signs
RCC risk factors
Cigarette smoking/tobacco use doubles the risk
Pre-existing diseases
What is an uncommon presentation in RCC
Triad: flank pain, hematuria, palpable mass
What is the preferred imaging study for evaluating renal masses
Helical CT
What staging system predicts how quickly or slowly RCC is likely to spread
Fuhrman grade
What is the primary treatment for RCC
surgery: partial nephrectomy or radical nephrectomy
Where will RCC most likely metastasize to
Brain, bones, lungs
What is chemotherapy like for RCC
Very resistant to chemotherapeutic agents
What does the prognosis of RCC depend on
Anatomic extent (TNM scale)
What is a risk factor for bladder cancer
Cigarette smoking
What is the clinical presentation of bladder cancer
intermittent painless gross hematuria is the most common presentation along with irritative voiding symptoms
What is the most sensitive and specific method for diagnosis of bladder cancer
cystoscopy/cystourethroscopy
What does the treatment for bladder cancer depend on
stage; whether or no the tumor has invaded the bladder muscle or not
Where does bladder cancer most commonly metastasize to
lungs, liver, bones
Define urinary incontinence
involuntary leakage of urine, loss of bladder control
bladder’s two phase
Filling phase
Emptying phase
What is stress incontinence
urethra incompetence resulting in urine leakage induced by coughing, sneezing, laughing, etc.
What is urge incontinence
Detrusor overactivity resulting infrequency and urgency, without the ability to delay urination; due to involuntary contraction of the bladder muscle
What is overflow incontinence
Detrusor underactivity resulting in frequency, nocturia, leakage, and high post-void bladder volume; due to blockage of the urethra; common in diabetic pts
Test for stress incontinence
urodynamic testing
Test for urge incontinence
cytometry
