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Intro > BM - Substance Use Disorders > Flashcards

BM - Substance Use Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define tolerance

A

the requirement of an increased dose to achieve the same effect, or a markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount

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2
Q

Define withdrawal

A

Generally the opposite of the intoxication symptoms; Not all symptoms produce a withdrawal

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3
Q

Define substance use

A

A problematic pattern of substance use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress

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4
Q

What are the 4 factors of which at least two need to be manifested for at least 12 months for a diagnosis of substance use to be made?

A

Impaired control, Social impairment, Risky Use, Pharmacological criteria

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5
Q

Define impaired control

A
  1. Substance taken in larger amount, or over a longer period of time than intended
  2. Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use
  3. Great deal of time spent obtaining or using the substance, or recovering from effects
  4. Craving - intense desire/urge to use drug
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6
Q

Define social impairment

A
  1. Failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home
  2. Continued use despite persistent social or interpersonal problems
  3. Important social, recreational, or occupational activities are given up or reduced
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7
Q

Risky use

A
  1. Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous
  2. Continued use despite knowledge of physical/psychological problem due to substance
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8
Q

Pharmacological criteria

A
  1. Tolerance
  2. Withdrawal
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9
Q

What is the most commonly used substance

A

Marijuana closely followed by tobacco and alcohol

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10
Q

Do more males or females use substances

A

Males

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11
Q

How many Americans use substances

A

1/10

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12
Q

How much money is spent to manage substance use in the US

A

1/2 trillion dollars

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13
Q

What is the etiology of substance use

A
  1. Family and cultural influences
  2. Personality
  3. Genetics
  4. Other influences
    ex) social situations in different cultures such as alcohol as a social celebration
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14
Q

What are examples of CNS depressants

A
  1. Alcohol
  2. Sedatives
  3. Hypnotics
  4. Anxiolytics
  5. Benzos
  6. Barbiturates
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15
Q

What are the intoxication symptoms for depressants

A

Disinhibition, inappropriate sexual/aggressive behavior, somnolence, stupor, slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, impaired memory/judgement; patient will develop tolerance

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16
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of depressants

A

can be fatal; anxiety or psychomotor agitation, tremor, tachycardia, HTN, diaphoresis, craving, N/V

17
Q

How is depressant withdrawal treated

A

Benzodiazepines; replace GABA effects of alcohol and taper down once withdrawal is no longer life threatening

18
Q

What effects the metabolism rate of alcohol

A

Weight, medication, full/empty stomach

19
Q

What are the complications of depressants

A

Gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, diarrhea, HTN, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, elevated triglycerides, increased rates of cancer

20
Q

What are examples of opiates

A

Heroin, codeine, morphine

21
Q

What are the intoxication symptoms of opiates

A

Rush or nod depending on timing or dose, warmth/flushing, pupils constrict (miosis), slurred speech, impaired judgement/memory, constipation, respiratory depression, coma, death

22
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of opiates

A

Tachycardia, HTN, fever, piloerection, lacrimation/rhinorrhea, aches, N/V/D, yawning, insomnia, depression, and anxiety

23
Q

What is the withdrawal treatment for opiate withdrawal

A

supportive treatment/helping the, be more comfortable through withdrawal

24
Q

What are the maintenance medications for opiate withdrawal

A

methadone, suboxone; helps control/taper down withdrawal

25
Q

What are examples of psychostimulants/amphetamines

A

Cocaine, caffeine, methamphetamines, crack, ecstasy (MDMA)

26
Q

What are the intoxication symptoms of stimulants

A

Tachycardia, euphoria, energy, pupils dilate (mydriasis), cardiac arrhythmias, anorexia/decreased appetite, seizures, anxiety, agitation/aggressive behavior

27
Q

What can high doses of stimulants lead to

A

headache, tinnitus (ears ringing), paranoia, hallucinations (both auditory and tactile)

28
Q

What can ecstasy intoxication specifically lead to

A

hyperthermia

29
Q

What are the withdrawal symptoms of stimulants

A

depression (cocaine), fatigue, increased appetite, vivid dreams; caffeine withdrawal causes headache

30
Q

What are the complications of stimulant use

A

Nasal mucosa damage, respiratory disease, vasospasm, arrhythmias, MI

Intro (19 decks)

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