BM - Substance Use Disorders Flashcards
Define tolerance
the requirement of an increased dose to achieve the same effect, or a markedly diminished effect with continued use of the same amount
Define withdrawal
Generally the opposite of the intoxication symptoms; Not all symptoms produce a withdrawal
Define substance use
A problematic pattern of substance use, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress
What are the 4 factors of which at least two need to be manifested for at least 12 months for a diagnosis of substance use to be made?
Impaired control, Social impairment, Risky Use, Pharmacological criteria
Define impaired control
- Substance taken in larger amount, or over a longer period of time than intended
- Persistent desire or unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control use
- Great deal of time spent obtaining or using the substance, or recovering from effects
- Craving - intense desire/urge to use drug
Define social impairment
- Failure to fulfill major role obligations at work, school, or home
- Continued use despite persistent social or interpersonal problems
- Important social, recreational, or occupational activities are given up or reduced
Risky use
- Recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous
- Continued use despite knowledge of physical/psychological problem due to substance
Pharmacological criteria
- Tolerance
- Withdrawal
What is the most commonly used substance
Marijuana closely followed by tobacco and alcohol
Do more males or females use substances
Males
How many Americans use substances
1/10
How much money is spent to manage substance use in the US
1/2 trillion dollars
What is the etiology of substance use
- Family and cultural influences
- Personality
- Genetics
- Other influences
ex) social situations in different cultures such as alcohol as a social celebration
What are examples of CNS depressants
- Alcohol
- Sedatives
- Hypnotics
- Anxiolytics
- Benzos
- Barbiturates
What are the intoxication symptoms for depressants
Disinhibition, inappropriate sexual/aggressive behavior, somnolence, stupor, slurred speech, incoordination, unsteady gait, impaired memory/judgement; patient will develop tolerance
What are the withdrawal symptoms of depressants
can be fatal; anxiety or psychomotor agitation, tremor, tachycardia, HTN, diaphoresis, craving, N/V
How is depressant withdrawal treated
Benzodiazepines; replace GABA effects of alcohol and taper down once withdrawal is no longer life threatening
What effects the metabolism rate of alcohol
Weight, medication, full/empty stomach
What are the complications of depressants
Gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, diarrhea, HTN, cirrhosis, pancreatitis, elevated triglycerides, increased rates of cancer
What are examples of opiates
Heroin, codeine, morphine
What are the intoxication symptoms of opiates
Rush or nod depending on timing or dose, warmth/flushing, pupils constrict (miosis), slurred speech, impaired judgement/memory, constipation, respiratory depression, coma, death
What are the withdrawal symptoms of opiates
Tachycardia, HTN, fever, piloerection, lacrimation/rhinorrhea, aches, N/V/D, yawning, insomnia, depression, and anxiety
What is the withdrawal treatment for opiate withdrawal
supportive treatment/helping the, be more comfortable through withdrawal
What are the maintenance medications for opiate withdrawal
methadone, suboxone; helps control/taper down withdrawal
