Mrs Turner ( Biopsych )

Question 1

What is Broca’s Aphasia?
How does it occur?

Answer 1

The inability to produce speech.
Caused by damage to Broca’s area

Question 2

What is Wernicke’s Aphasia?
How does it occur?

Answer 2

The inability to understand language
Caused by a stroke in Wernickes area

Question 3

What is the counter argument to Broca’s and Wernicke’s area?
What did it prove?

Answer 3

Dronker’s study on preserved brains on patients with Broca’s or Wernicke’s Aphasia
Proved lesions on Broca’s area contribute to temporary speech disruption, not damage to the area alone. Proving language and cognition are more complex than one area being damaged.

Question 4

Localisation of Function Evidence:
- Which study?
- What did it prove?

Answer 4

• Gage’s study; the railway worker who had an iron rod going through his left frontal lobe.
• It proved that localisation of functions theory as it showed control of behaviour is located in the frontal cortex. Proving localisation of function.

Question 5

Visual Centres

Question 6

Auditory Centres

Question 7

The motor cortex

Question 8

The somatosensory cortex

Question 9

hormone released by the pituitary gland to stimulate the adrenal glands?

Answer 9

ACTH

Question 10

Stress-related hormone released by the adrenal cortex, responsible for various effects in the body during the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 10

Cortisol

Question 11

Area of the brain mobilized during a threat, associating sensory signals with emotions like fear or anger and sending distress signals to the hypothalamus.

Answer 11

Amygdala

Question 12

Command center in the brain, receiving distress signals from the amygdala and communicating with the body through the sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 12

Hypothalamus

Question 13

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 13

Triggers rapid body preparation for fight or flight, sending signals to the adrenal medulla to release adrenaline into the bloodstream.

Question 14

Hormone causing physiological changes during stress, including increased heart rate, blood pressure, rapid breathing, and release of energy sources into the bloodstream.

Answer 14

Adrenaline

Question 15

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 15

Dampens down the stress response after the threat has passed, slowing the heartbeat and reducing blood pressure, while also restarting digestion.

Question 16

HPA Axis

Answer 16

Stress response system involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands, activated during ongoing stress.

Question 17

hormone released by the hypothalamus into the bloodstream in response to continued threat.

Answer 17

CRH

Question 18

Stimulated by ACTH to release various stress-related hormones, including cortisol, during the fight-or-flight response

Answer 18

Adrenal Cortex

Question 19

Female stress response characterized by nurturing behaviours and forming protective alliances.

Answer 19

Tend and Befriend

Question 20

Hormone associated with higher levels in females, linked to tend and befriend response.

Answer 20

Oxytocin

Question 21

SRY Gene

Answer 21

Gene found exclusively on the male Y chromosome, promoting aggression and the fight-or-flight response.

Question 22

Adrenaline

Answer 22

Stress hormone released in response to danger, associated with the fight-or-flight response.

Question 23

Evidence of genetic influence on gender differences in the fight-or-flight response.

Answer 23

Genetic Basis

Question 24

Brain region controlling the pituitary gland

Answer 24

Hypothalamus

Question 25

Produces many different hormones, some of which affect other glands

Answer 25

Pituitary gland

Question 26

Help trigger the fight-or-flight response

Answer 26

Adrenal glands

Question 27

Produce male sex hormone

Answer 27

Testis

Question 28

Produce female sex hormones

Answer 28

Ovary

Question 29

Endocrine glands

Answer 29

Glands that produce hormones to regulate body activity.

Question 30

Pituitary gland

Answer 30

Major endocrine gland that produces various hormones to regulate other glands and body functions.

Question 31

Adrenal glands

Answer 31

Glands that produce hormones like cortisol to regulate stress response and metabolism.

Question 32

Reproductive organs

Answer 32

Organs (ovaries and testes) that produce hormones like estrogen and testosterone to regulate reproductive functions.

Question 33

Hormones

Answer 33

Chemical substances that circulate in the bloodstream and regulate the activity of cells or organs.

Question 34

Feedback regulation

Answer 34

Regulation of hormone production through feedback loops involving the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and target glands.

Question 35

Target cells

Answer 35

Cells with receptors for specific hormones, responding to the hormones’ stimulation.

Question 36

Physiological reaction

Answer 36

Response in target cells when enough receptor sites are stimulated by hormones.

Question 37

Cortisol

Answer 37

A hormone released in response to stress, regulating metabolism and immune response.

Question 38

Cushing’s syndrome

Answer 38

Medical condition caused by excessive cortisol, leading to symptoms like high blood pressure and depression.

Question 39

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 39

Comprises brain and spinal cord, controls behavior and regulates physiological processes.

Question 40

Spinal Cord

Answer 40

Relays information between the brain and the rest of the body, coordinates voluntary movements, and contains circuits for simple reflexes.

Question 41

Spinal Nerves

Answer 41

Connect the spinal cord to specific muscles and glands, allowing messages to be carried to and from different parts of the body.

Question 42

Cerebrum

Answer 42

Largest part of the brain, divided into four lobes with different primary functions, and split into two hemispheres specialized for particular behaviors.

Question 43

Cerebellum

Answer 43

Located beneath the back of the cerebrum, involved in controlling motor skills, balance, and coordinating muscles for precise movements.

Question 44

Diencephalon

Answer 44

Lies beneath the cerebrum and on top of the brain stem, contains the thalamus (relay station for nerve impulses) and hypothalamus (regulates body temperature, hunger, thirst, and links the endocrine system with the nervous system).

Question 45

Brain Stem

Answer 45

Regulates automatic functions essential for life, including breathing, heartbeat, and swallowing, and allows impulses to pass between the brain and the spinal cord.

Question 46

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 46

Comprises all nerves outside the CNS, relays nerve impulses between the CNS and the rest of the body, and has two main divisions: somatic and autonomic nervous systems.

Question 47

Somatic Nervous System

Answer 47

Made up of cranial and spinal nerves, involved in both voluntary and reflex actions, and relays sensory messages to the CNS and motor information from the CNS to the body.

Question 48

Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

Answer 48

Regulates involuntary actions such as heartbeat and digestion, has two divisions (sympathetic and parasympathetic) with opposite effects, and uses different neurotransmitters for regulation.

Question 49

Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)

Answer 49

Primarily involved in responses that help deal with emergencies, such as increasing heart rate and blood pressure, and preparing the body for rapid action.

Question 50

Parasympathetic Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 50

Relaxes the body after an emergency, slows the heartbeat and reduces blood pressure, and promotes digestion and energy conservation.