Biopsych

Question 1

Term: Central Nervous System (CNS)
.
1) Comprises the brain and _________ ______.
2) Functions: Control of ______________ and regulation of _____________ processes.
3) Involves receiving ____________ information and sending messages to muscles and glands.

Answer 1

1) spinal cord
2) behaviour, physiological
3) sensory

Question 2

What are Physiological processes?

Answer 2

the natural activities and functions that occur within living organisms to maintain life.

Question 3

Term: Spinal Cord
.
______________ information between the ______ and the rest of the body.
Allows monitoring and ____________ of bodily processes.
Coordinates voluntary ____________ and contains circuits for reflexes.
Damage can lead to loss of ____________ in areas below the affected site.

Answer 3

1) Transmits, brain
2) regulation
3) movements
4) function

Question 4

Term: Brain
.
1) Divided into four main areas: cerebrum, cerebellum, _______________ , and _____ ______.
2) Cerebrum: ___________ part, divided into lobes with specific functions.
4) Cerebellum: Controls _______ skills ( which are? )and balance; abnormalities can cause ___________ and motor issues.
.
5) Diencephalon: Includes ___________ (relay station for ___________ impulses) and ____________ (regulates temperature, hunger, thirst, and links endocrine and nervous systems).
.
6) Brain Stem: Regulates essential ____________ functions (breathing, heartbeat, swallowing) and allows __________________ between the brain and spinal cord.

Answer 4

1) diencephalon
2) brain stem
3) Largest
4) motor (movement skills), speech
5) thalamus, sensory, hypothalamus
6) automatic, communication

Question 5

Term: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
.
1) Composed of nerves ____________ the brain and spinal cord.
2) Function: ____________ nerve impulses between the ____ and the rest of the body.

Answer 5

1) outside
2) Transmit, CNS

Question 6

Term: Somatic Nervous System
.
1) Part of PNS with __ cranial nerves and __ spinal nerves.
2) Involves sensory and ________ neurons.
3) Eases _________ actions without CNS involvement for _______ responses.

Answer 6

1) 12, 31
2) motor
3) reflex, quick

Question 7

Term: Motor Neurons
.
- Transmit signals from the central nervous system (CNS) to ___________ or ________.
- Responsible for ____________ and _____________ muscle movements.

Answer 7

1) muscles or glands
2) voluntary, involuntary

Question 8

Term: Sensory Neurons
.
- Carry signals from ____________ receptors to the CNS.
- Transmit information about ____________ stimuli (e.g., touch, temperature) and internal conditions.

Answer 8

1) sensory
2) external

Question 9

Explain the full process of synaptic transmission.

Answer 9

The nerve impulse arrives at the pre-synaptic terminal, causing the synaptic vesicles to travel down to the pre-synaptic membrane. The pre-synaptic membrane and synaptic vesicle fuse, causing the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. The neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft towards the post-synaptic terminal, where they bind to post-synaptic receptors.

As a result, the receptors allow positively charged particles to flow into the post-synaptic terminal, creating small, positive changes in voltage in the neuron. Once there is a large enough change in voltage, a nerve impulse is triggered. Meanwhile, the neurotransmitters are released back into the synaptic cleft, where they are sucked back into the pre-synaptic membrane by re-uptake proteins.

Question 10

Most of the time, only a small amount of neurotransmitter is released into the synapse. This means that…

Answer 10

A small number of positively charged particles flow into the post-synaptic neuron.
There will be a small change in voltage in the post-synaptic neuron.

Question 11

Process of nerve impulses transmitted across the synapse is called?

Answer 11

synaptic transmission