Mr McAlonan - Nucleric Acid Flashcards
Where are nucleric acids Found
Nucleric acids are found in cell nuclei
How many different types of nucleic acids Are there
There are two types of nucleic acids they are DNA and RNA. They are very similar in the fact that they store and transfer of genetic material.
What elements do nucleric acids contain
They contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus.
What is a nucleotide
A nucleotide is a chain of nucleric acids
What three components Are nucleotide is made from
A nucleotide is made from a pentose sugar meaning it contains five carbon atoms. A phosphate group and in organic molecule that is acidic and negatively charged. A nitrogen base which is a complex organic molecule containing one or two carbon rings as well as nitrogen.
How do you nucleotides link together
Nuclear tides are linked together by condensation reactions to form a polymer called polynucleotide. The nuclear tides format group of the fifth carbon of the pentose sugar and forms a covalent bond with hydroxyl at the third carbon. The bond created it is called a phosphodiester bond this can be broken by hydrolysis which is the reverse of a condensation reaction which releases a nucleotide.
What is a deoxyribonucleic acid
A deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) consists of three parts the sugar in deoxyribonucleic acid is a deoxyribo (sugar that has less oxygen atoms than ribose). There are four bases in deoxyribonucleic acid. This leads to 4 different bases ( thymine (T) Cytosine (C) Adenine (A) Guanine (G) ) that can be divided into two groups. Pyrimidines (this consist of smaller bases which contain single carbon rings such as thymine and cytosine ) and purines (these are larger bases that contain double carbon rings and structures such such as a Adenine (A) And Guanine (G)
What is the double helix
The double helix is the structure that DNA takes and consists of two strands of polynucleotides in the helix structure
How do the two helixes stay attached to each other
The two strands of the double helix and how together by hydrogen bonds between the bases. Each nucleotide has a phosphate group connected to the five carbon and a hydroxyl group attached on group 3 of the carbon base. The two parallel strands are around to run in the opposite direction this being antiparallel this pairing between the DNA allows the DNA to be copied and transferred to the ribosome
What are the base pairing rules
The bases find in a specific way with adenine and thymine from a hydrogen bond and always join with each other. Cytosine and Guanine Form another three hydrogen bond and only bind to each other this is complimentary base pairing. This therefore only allows a small base(pyramide) to join to a large base (purine) this maintains a constant distance between the DNA backbones resulting in parallel nucleotide chain. Complimentary base pairing means that the DNA always has equal amount of Adenine and thymine And equal amounts of cytosine and guanine.
What is ribonucleic acid
The ribonucleic acid also known as RNA is essential to transfer the genetic code from the DNA to the site of protein synthesis. As mRNA are smaller than DNA And DNA is unable to leave the nucleus.
What is RNA made from
RNA has a pentose sugar which is ribose The thymine base is Is replaced with uracil it is very similar to thymine that it is a prymide that Bombs bombs with adenine this then still is accepted by the base pairing rules.
