Miss Lee - Cell Utra Structure And function Flashcards
Nucleus structure
Double nucleus envelope, stores DNA. Has nucleolus located in it and a nucleus
Nucleus function
Controls the cell Contains DNA
makes ribosomes
Double membrane proteds the nucleus from damage
has pores
Endoplasmic reticulum structure
Smooth ER - no ribosomes has a system of tubules
Rough ER - studded with ribosomes
ER - stacks of membrane bound fluid, stacks of cisterne
Endoplasmic reticulum function
RER - site of protein synthesis
SER - carbohydrate and lipid synthesis and storage
Golgi apparatus structure
Stacks of flattened membrane bound stacks called cisterne
Golgi apparatus function
Allows internal transport
Receives proteins from RER
Modifies and processes molecules into vesicles as new lipids and proteins
Lipid synthesis
Makes lysosomes
Secretary vesicles leave the cell or igosomes which stay in the cell
Ribosome structure
A 2 sub unit organelle
Made from RNA and protein
Freely floating around cytoplasm
Or attached to RER
Ribosome function
Site of protein synthesis
Mitochondria structure
Oval shaped
Two membrane (double membrane)
Inner membrane forms finger like structure (called Cristae ) larger SA
Matrix contains enzymes for respiration
Mitochondria DNA to reproduce and create enzymes
Mitochondria function
Site of aerobic respiration and release of ATP carrier cells
Lysosomes structure
They are spherical surrounded by a single membrane
Lysosomes function
They contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes know as lysosomes they break down worn out or components of the cell or digest invading cells
Centrioles structure
A component of the cytoskeleton
Composed of many microtubules
Small hollow cylinders that occur in pairs next to the nucleus in animal cells only
Each centriole contains a ring of 9 microtubules
Centrioles function
Makes copies of itself in cell division and then helps to form spindle non cell division
Cilia structure
Hair like extensions that protrude from some animal cell types
Outer membrane 9 pairs of proteins and two in the middle a 9+2 arrangement and allows movement
Cilla function
Sensory function (e.g nose) beat together making currents to move fluids/ mucus / objects for locomotion
Plasma membrane structure
Found on the surface of animal cells inside cell wall of plant and prokaryotic cells
Contains a phospholipid bilayer
Plasma membrane functions
Regulates movement of substrate into and out of the cell
Contains receptor molecules which allows it to respond to chemical like hormones
Cytoskeleton structure
3 structural components
Microtubules
Microfillaments
Intermediate fibres
Microfillament function
Responsible for the movement of the cell and cytoplasm during cytokinesis made from protein actin
Microtubules function
Determines shape of cell and track organelles movement around the cell
Made from protein tublin
Intermediate fibres function
Gives strength to cells and helps maintains integrity
Flagella structure
Similar to cilla but longer 9+2 arrangement
They protrude from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane
Flagella function
Enables cell mobility
Microtubules contract to mark the flagella move
Propelles the cell forward e.g speed cells
Chloroplast structure
Double membrane encloses the stomata
Stomata contains starch grains, lipids stores, DNA, RNA, ribosomes.
Series of membrane bound flattened stacks called grana
Grana are linked together by lamellae
Grana contains chlorophyll
Chloroplast functions
Photosynthesis reactions
Cell wall structure
B-cellulose microfibrills complex carbohydrates
Cell wall is fully permeable to substances
Thin layer called the middle lamella which marks boundary between adjacent cell wall and cements together
Cell wall function
Gives plant mechanical support and shape
Contents of plant cells push against the cell wall gives whole plant and cell support
Turgid
Describe the interrelationship between organelles in protein production
The M RNA enters through the nuclear pores To take a copy of the genetic material(The gene makes protein). The mRNA leaves to the nuclear pores To the rough endoplasmic reticulum where the ribosomes For protein synthesis. Once the protein chain is made it gets transported to the Golgi apparatus to be modified the modified chain then leaves in a secretary Versicle to fuse with the cell surface membrane through the microtubules
