Miss Lee - Cell Utra Structure And function Flashcards

1
Q

Nucleus structure

A

Double nucleus envelope, stores DNA. Has nucleolus located in it and a nucleus

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2
Q

Nucleus function

A

Controls the cell Contains DNA
makes ribosomes
Double membrane proteds the nucleus from damage
has pores

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3
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum structure

A

Smooth ER - no ribosomes has a system of tubules
Rough ER - studded with ribosomes
ER - stacks of membrane bound fluid, stacks of cisterne

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4
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum function

A

RER - site of protein synthesis

SER - carbohydrate and lipid synthesis and storage

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5
Q

Golgi apparatus structure

A

Stacks of flattened membrane bound stacks called cisterne

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6
Q

Golgi apparatus function

A

Allows internal transport
Receives proteins from RER
Modifies and processes molecules into vesicles as new lipids and proteins
Lipid synthesis
Makes lysosomes
Secretary vesicles leave the cell or igosomes which stay in the cell

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7
Q

Ribosome structure

A

A 2 sub unit organelle
Made from RNA and protein
Freely floating around cytoplasm
Or attached to RER

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8
Q

Ribosome function

A

Site of protein synthesis

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9
Q

Mitochondria structure

A

Oval shaped
Two membrane (double membrane)
Inner membrane forms finger like structure (called Cristae ) larger SA
Matrix contains enzymes for respiration
Mitochondria DNA to reproduce and create enzymes

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10
Q

Mitochondria function

A

Site of aerobic respiration and release of ATP carrier cells

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11
Q

Lysosomes structure

A

They are spherical surrounded by a single membrane

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12
Q

Lysosomes function

A

They contain hydrolytic digestive enzymes know as lysosomes they break down worn out or components of the cell or digest invading cells

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13
Q

Centrioles structure

A

A component of the cytoskeleton
Composed of many microtubules
Small hollow cylinders that occur in pairs next to the nucleus in animal cells only
Each centriole contains a ring of 9 microtubules

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14
Q

Centrioles function

A

Makes copies of itself in cell division and then helps to form spindle non cell division

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15
Q

Cilia structure

A

Hair like extensions that protrude from some animal cell types
Outer membrane 9 pairs of proteins and two in the middle a 9+2 arrangement and allows movement

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16
Q

Cilla function

A

Sensory function (e.g nose) beat together making currents to move fluids/ mucus / objects for locomotion

17
Q

Plasma membrane structure

A

Found on the surface of animal cells inside cell wall of plant and prokaryotic cells
Contains a phospholipid bilayer

18
Q

Plasma membrane functions

A

Regulates movement of substrate into and out of the cell

Contains receptor molecules which allows it to respond to chemical like hormones

19
Q

Cytoskeleton structure

A

3 structural components
Microtubules
Microfillaments
Intermediate fibres

20
Q

Microfillament function

A

Responsible for the movement of the cell and cytoplasm during cytokinesis made from protein actin

21
Q

Microtubules function

A

Determines shape of cell and track organelles movement around the cell
Made from protein tublin

22
Q

Intermediate fibres function

A

Gives strength to cells and helps maintains integrity

23
Q

Flagella structure

A

Similar to cilla but longer 9+2 arrangement

They protrude from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane

24
Q

Flagella function

A

Enables cell mobility
Microtubules contract to mark the flagella move
Propelles the cell forward e.g speed cells

25
Q

Chloroplast structure

A

Double membrane encloses the stomata
Stomata contains starch grains, lipids stores, DNA, RNA, ribosomes.
Series of membrane bound flattened stacks called grana
Grana are linked together by lamellae
Grana contains chlorophyll

26
Q

Chloroplast functions

A

Photosynthesis reactions

27
Q

Cell wall structure

A

B-cellulose microfibrills complex carbohydrates
Cell wall is fully permeable to substances
Thin layer called the middle lamella which marks boundary between adjacent cell wall and cements together

28
Q

Cell wall function

A

Gives plant mechanical support and shape
Contents of plant cells push against the cell wall gives whole plant and cell support
Turgid

29
Q

Describe the interrelationship between organelles in protein production

A

The M RNA enters through the nuclear pores To take a copy of the genetic material(The gene makes protein). The mRNA leaves to the nuclear pores To the rough endoplasmic reticulum where the ribosomes For protein synthesis. Once the protein chain is made it gets transported to the Golgi apparatus to be modified the modified chain then leaves in a secretary Versicle to fuse with the cell surface membrane through the microtubules