Movement pt. 1 (II) Flashcards
reflex
a simple, stereotyped and unlearned response to a particular stimulus
purpose of reflex
used to protect the body automatically
motor plan
a set of muscle commands established before an action occurs.
motor neurons
how muscles interact with the nervous system
neuromuscular junction
synapse between motor neurons and muscle fibers
acetylcholine
motor neurons release Ach to cause muscle contraction at the neuromuscular junction
acetylcholinesterase
breaks down Ach
where is primary motor cortex located
precentral gyrus
M1
- initiation of voluntary movements
- arranged somatotopically
sensory homunculus
Lips, tongue, and hands have a lot of motor neurons
• Hands do very fine details. More neurons are necessary to move lips and mouth as well, like when you talk
premotor cortex
- motor cortex
- Begins programming a movement by combining information from the
prefrontal cortex and the posterior parietal cortex
SMA
- motor cortex
- supplementary motor area
- Important for initiation of movement sequences, especially preplanned levels
Posterior parietal lobe
- motor cortex
• Proprioceptive cues about body position
• Provides feedback “on the fly” for refining movement
prefrontal cortex
- motor cortex
• Decision making: “should I do this movement or not”
where are mirror neurons located
- subregion of premotor cortex
- F5
mirror neurons
The same neurons fire before making a movement as when observing another individual make the same movement.
UMN of rubrospinal tract
in red nucleus
FXN of rubrospinal tract
bending and straightening of limbs
UMN of vestibulospinal tract
in vestibular nuclei
FXN of vestibulospinal tract
- balance and posture
- compensates for tilting
UMN of tectospinal tract
in superior colliculi
FXN of tectospinal tract
- avoidance reflexes
- one of the pathways involved in you moving away from threats
UMN of reticulospinal tract
in reticular formation
FXN of reticulospinal tract
- startle and escape movements
