Movement in Human

Question 1

Two tissue of skeleton

Answer 1

Bone and cartilage

Question 2

Bone

Answer 2

Formed by living cell
Contain minerals (mainly calcium phosphate), making the bone rigid
Contains proteins and waters

Question 3

2 types of bones

Answer 3

Compact bones:
Dense and hard to support the body weight
Shafts of limb bones contains yellow bone marrow to store lipids
Spongy bones:
Heads of the limb bones
Porous
Cavities of the spongy bones filled with red bone marrow, produce red bone cells

Question 4

Does bones contains blood vessel or nerve?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

Cartilage

Answer 5

Cartilage:
Formed by living cells
Softer and more elastic (because contains fewer minerals)
Reduce friction between two bones
Gives shape and support to some structures
no blood vessels and nerves

Question 6

The two human skeleton part

Answer 6

Axial skeleton: skull, rib cage and vertebral column
Appendicular skeleton: pectoral girdle, forelimbs, pelvic girdle and hindlimb (limb bones)

Question 7

Functions of the human skeletons

Answer 7

Support body weight
Provide surfaces for muscle attachments, allows movement
Protects organs
Red bone marrow produces blood cells
Stores minerals (calcium and phosphorus) and lipids

Question 8

Vitamin D function

Answer 8

Helps keep the bone healthy as it promotes the absorption of calcium and phosphate ions.

Question 9

Structures of movable joints

Answer 9

Ligaments
Prevents dislocation during movement
Elastic and allows bones to move
Cartilage
Prevent bones from wearing away
Synovial membrane
Nourish cartilage cells
Both cartilage and synovial membrane reduce friction

Question 10

Movable joints

Answer 10

Flexible to allow bones to moves

Question 11

Types of movable joints

Answer 11

Hinge joint
Allows movement of bones in one plane only
Elbow joint , knee joint
ball and socket joint
Allows movement of bones in many planes
Shoulder joint ,hip joint

Question 12

Skeletal muscle/ striated muscles/ voluntary muscles 

Answer 12

Make up about 40% of our bodyweight
Muscles attached to bones to bring about movements
Join to bones by sheets of fibre called tendons
Is a tissue consisting of densely path, groups of elongated cells called muscle fibre (muscle cell)
Muscle fibres are grouped into bundles and surrounded by connective tissue
Muscle contains light band and dark bands
Under conscious control of the cerebrum 

Question 13

Tendon

Answer 13

Tough and inelastic
Transmit the pulling force produced by muscle contraction to the bones.

Question 14

Opposing muscle/ antagonistic muscle

Answer 14

They work in pairs
When a muscle contract and a limb bends, is a flexor
When a muscle contract and the limb straightens, is an extensor.

Question 15

Initiation of muscle contraction

Answer 15

The nerve impulse stimulates the axon terminal of motor neurone to release neurotransmitter.
The neurotransmitter diffuses across the cleft of the neuromuscular junction.
The neurotransmitter binds to the special receptor on the membrane of the muscle fibre to generate an electrical impulse.
The electrical impulse spreads along the muscle fibre and make muscle contract.

Question 16

Neuromuscular junctions(motor end plates)

Answer 16

The axon of a motor neuron branches of to form synapses with the muscle fibres of a skeletal muscle.

Question 17

Some drugs act on the membrane of the muscle fibre and causes muscle paralysis. Explain

Answer 17

The drug prevents the neurotransmitter from binding onto the receptors on the membrane of muscle fibre. The muscle fibre cannot produce electrical impulse, the muscle cannot contract.

Question 18

The function of mitochondria in axon of motor neuron

Answer 18

Provide energy for synthesis/release of neurotransmitter

Question 19

The function of mitochondria of the muscle fibre

Answer 19

Provide energy for muscle contraction

Question 20

Leg movement

Answer 20

Extensor contracts to produce the pulling force. The pulling force is transmitted to the bones of the leg through inelastic tendons. Joint moves, straightened the leg and raised the leg up.