Comparison (essay)

Question 1

Compare and contrast between hormonal coordination and nervous coordination

Answer 1

Similarities
Both Carman, coordination and nervous coordination are important for transmitting messages to effectors to give proper response
Difference
Hormonal coordination involves endocrine system but nervous coordination involves nervous system
The message in hormonal coordination is chemical (hormone) but for nervous coordination. The message is electrical (nerve impulse) and chemical (neurotransmitter across synapses)
The route of transmission in hormonal coordination is blood, but that in nervous coordination is nerve fibres.
The speed of transmission in hormonal coordination is slower, but that in nervous coordination is faster
The area of response in hormonal coordination is widespread (one hormone may affect several target organs at the same time) but that nervous coordination is more localised
The duration of effect of hormonal coordination is longlasting but that of nervous coordination is short term
Hormonal coordination, involves reproduction, growth and development , regulation of internal environment, but nervous coordination, involves voluntary actions reflects actions and other involuntary actions.

Question 2

Similarities and difference between respiration and photosynthesis

Answer 2

Similarities:
ATP is produced through the transfer of electrons along the electron transport chain at the inner membrane of the chloroplast and the mitochondria
Difference:
Side of occurrence:
Cytoplasm and mitochondria of all living cells
In the chloroplast of plant cells
Type of metabolism:
Catabolism
Anabolism
Energy change:
Chemical energy in organic food is converted to ATP and heat(energy)
Light energy is converted to chemical energy in organic food
Cyclic process:
Krebs cycle- carbon dioxide is removed from pyruvate. NADH and ATP are formed.
Calvin cycle- carbon dioxide is fixed by 5-compound. NADPH and ATP are used.
Formation of ATP:
NADH and FADH are oxidised. ATP is produced by oxidative phosphorylation.
ATP it’s also formed in glycolysis and Krebs cycle by substrate phosphorylation.

Chlorophyll absorbs light and electrons are excited. ATP is produced by photophosphorylation.

Source of hydrogen:
NADH and FADH
Water

Final electron acceptor
Oxygen
3-C compound in the Calvin cycle

Question 3

Compare and contrast the major cellular respiratory processes

Answer 3

Similarities:
Both uses sugar as substrate
Both have glycolysis and substrate phosphorylation
Both produce energy in the form of ATP. Both involve NAD.
Both produce carbon dioxide. Both involve enzymatic reactions. (Diff types of enzymes)

Differences:
(Aerobic respiration) The products are water and carbon dioxide
The products are easy and carbon dioxide

Final electron receptor is oxygen
Final electron receptor is pyruvate

Krebs cycle and oxidative phosphorylation are involved
There are no such reactions

ATP are produced