Movement disorders - Terminology etc.

Question 1

What is akathisia?

Answer 1

Restlessness and intense urge to move

Question 2

What can cause akathisia?

Answer 2

• Neuroleptic use
• Side-effect of Parkinsons treatment

Question 3

What is asterixis?

Answer 3

Extension of wrists causing flapping

Question 4

What conditions can cause aterixis?

Answer 4

• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Wilsons disease
• Other metabolic derrangements

Question 5

What is Athetosis?

Answer 5

• Slow, snail-like, writhering movements
• Especially seen in fingers

Question 6

What condition can cause athetosis?

Answer 6

Huntington’s disease (BG lesion)

Question 7

What is Chorea?

Answer 7

Sudden, jerky, purposeless movments

Question 8

What diseases can cause chorea?

Answer 8

BG lesions
- Huntingtons
- Acute rheumatic fever (sydenham chorea)

Question 9

What is dystonia?

Answer 9

Sustained, involuntary muscle contractions

Question 10

What can cause dystonia?

Answer 10

• Writers cramp
• Blepharospasm
• Torticollis

Question 11

What is the treatment of dystonia?

Answer 11

Botulinum toxin injection

Question 12

What can worsen an essential tremor?

Answer 12

Anxiety, movement

Question 13

What can essential tremor be treated with?

Answer 13

• B blockers (propanolol)
• Barbiturates (primidone)

Question 14

Describe an intention tremor?

Answer 14

Slow, zigzag motion when pointing/extending toward a target

Question 15

What can cause intention tremor?

Answer 15

Cerebellar dysfunction

Question 16

Describe a resting tremor?

Answer 16

Uncontrolled movement of distal appendages (most noticable in hands); tremor alleviated by intentional movement

Question 17

What condition characteristically has a resting tremor?

Answer 17

Parkinsons

Question 18

Describe Hemiballismus

Answer 18

Sudden, wild flailing of one side of the body

Question 19

A lesion where will give hemiballismus?
- What kind of stroke?

Answer 19

Contralateral subthalamic nucleus (lacunar stroke)

Question 20

Describe myoclonus

Answer 20

Sudden, brief, uncontrolled muscle contraction

Question 21

What are examples of myoclonus?

Answer 21

• Jerks
• Hiccups
  Seen in metabolic abnormalities (renal, liver disease)

Question 22

What neurodegenerative disease may see myoclonus?

Answer 22

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 23

What is restless leg syndrome associated with?

Answer 23

• Iron deficiency
• CKD

Question 24

What is the treatment for restless leg syndrome?
(Class of drug + 2 examples)

Answer 24

Dopamine agonsits
- Pramipexole
- Ropinorole