Movement disorders - Terminology etc. Flashcards
What is akathisia?
Restlessness and intense urge to move
What can cause akathisia?
- Neuroleptic use
- Side-effect of Parkinsons treatment
What is asterixis?
Extension of wrists causing flapping
What conditions can cause aterixis?
- Hepatic encephalopathy
- Wilsons disease
- Other metabolic derrangements
What is Athetosis?
- Slow, snail-like, writhering movements
- Especially seen in fingers
What condition can cause athetosis?
Huntington’s disease (BG lesion)
What is Chorea?
Sudden, jerky, purposeless movments
What diseases can cause chorea?
BG lesions
- Huntingtons
- Acute rheumatic fever (sydenham chorea)
What is dystonia?
Sustained, involuntary muscle contractions
What can cause dystonia?
- Writers cramp
- Blepharospasm
- Torticollis
What is the treatment of dystonia?
Botulinum toxin injection
What can worsen an essential tremor?
Anxiety, movement
What can essential tremor be treated with?
- B blockers (propanolol)
- Barbiturates (primidone)
Describe an intention tremor?
Slow, zigzag motion when pointing/extending toward a target
What can cause intention tremor?
Cerebellar dysfunction
Describe a resting tremor?
Uncontrolled movement of distal appendages (most noticable in hands); tremor alleviated by intentional movement
What condition characteristically has a resting tremor?
Parkinsons
Describe Hemiballismus
Sudden, wild flailing of one side of the body
A lesion where will give hemiballismus?
- What kind of stroke?
Contralateral subthalamic nucleus (lacunar stroke)
Describe myoclonus
Sudden, brief, uncontrolled muscle contraction
What are examples of myoclonus?
- Jerks
- Hiccups
Seen in metabolic abnormalities (renal, liver disease)
What neurodegenerative disease may see myoclonus?
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
What is restless leg syndrome associated with?
- Iron deficiency
- CKD
What is the treatment for restless leg syndrome?
(Class of drug + 2 examples)
Dopamine agonsits
- Pramipexole
- Ropinorole
