Hydrocephalus Flashcards
What can idiopathic intracranial hyertension also be known as?
Pseudotumour cerebri
What will be seen on imaging in idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
Nothing
What are the RFs for idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
- Female
- Tetracyclines
- Obesity
- Vitamin A excess
- Danazol (androgen)
What are symptoms/signs of idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
- Headache
- Tinnitus
- Diplopia (CN VI palsy)
- Papilloedema
- No change in mental status
What is papilloedema due to in idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
Impaired optic nerve axoplasmic flow
What will LP show in idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
- Increased opening pressure
- Temporary headache relief
What are the liestyle and medical treatments for idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
- weight loss
- acetazolamide
What is kind of invasive procedures may be done in refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension?
- CSF shunt placement
- Optic nerve sheath fenestration surgery for visual loss
What are communicating hydrocephalus due to?
Decreased CSF absorption by arachnoid granulations (e.g scarring post-meningits)
What is NPH due to (type of communicating)? (what fibres are disrupted?)
Expansion of the ventricles distorts the fibers of the corona radiata
What triad of symptoms are seen with NPH?
- Urinary incontinence
- Gait apraxia (magentic gait)
- Cognitive dysfunction
How can symptoms of NPH be resolved?
- CSF drainage via LP
- Shunt placement
What is noncommunicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus due to?
Structural blockage of CSF circulation within ventricular system (eg stenosis of aqueduct of Sylvius, colloid cyst blocking foramen of Munro, tumor)
What is the general condition called where ventricles appear enlraged although there is no increase in CSF (e.g Alzheimers)?
Ex vacuo ventriculomegaly
- ICP is normal
