Movement Flashcards
How many bones make up the skeletal system?
206 bones
What are the four major functions of the skeletal system?
- Movement
- Shape and stature
- Protection
- Blood cell production
What two sections can a skeleton be divided into?
Axial and Appendicular skeletons.
What is the axial skeleton?
-It consists of the bones that form the head, neck and trunk and houses the vertebral column, rib cage and sternum.
- They form the main support and stabilising structure of the body.
What is the appendicular skeleton?
It consists of the shoulder girdle (including the scapula and clavicle) together with the bones of the arm and hands as well as the hip girdle with the bones of the leg and feet.
What is a joint?
It’s where two or more bones meet.
What is the site at which bones move against eachother called?
Articulation but can only be used of joints which allow movement.
What are the types of joints?
- Fixed joint
- Slighly moveable joint
- Synovial joint
What is the fixed joint?
- They are called fibrous joints.
- Their role is to prevent any movement at the point at which two bones meet.
What is an example of a fixed joint?
- Cranium
- Where the bony plates of the skull meet.
What is the slightly moveable joint?
- They are called cartilaginous joints.
- They only allow a small degree of movement.
What is an example of a slightly moveable joint?
Between the adjacent vertebrae of the spinal column.
What is the synovial joint?
- They enable us to perform a wide range of movements.
- Move freely
What are the components of a synovial joint?
- Joint capsule
- Joint cavity
- Synovial membrane
- Articular cartilage
Joint capsule
- A tough connective tissue that surrounds and encases the bones of the joint.
Joint cavity
- Filled with synovial fluid which helps to lubricate the joint.
Synovial membrane
- This lines the inside of the joint capsule and secretes the synovial fluid.
Articular cartilage
- A smooth slippery cartilage that covers the ends of the articulating bones preventing friction and general wear and tear.
What are the 6 types of synovial joints?
- Ball and socket joint
- Hinge joint
- Pivot joint
- Gliding joint
- Saddle joint
- Condyloid joint
Ball and socket
- Head of one bone fits snugly into the cup-shaped cavity of another.
Ball and socket joint- Movement
- Offer widest range of movement
- Movements at these joints occur in all three planes allowing side to side movements, back and forth and rotational movements.
Examples of the ball and socket joint?
- Shoulder and hip joints
Hinge joint
- Here bony protrusions called condyles articulate in depressions of a second articulating bone.
- They also possess an intricate network of ligaments which restrict movement but make the joint very stable.
Hinge joint - Movement
- These joints offer back and forth movement only in 1 plane.
Examples of the hinge joint?
- Knee and elbow joints
Pivot joint
- It includes the head of one bone articulating in a deep depression or socket of a second bone.
Pivot joint- Movement
- Allow rotational movement only in one plane.
Examples of the pivot joint?
- Radio-ulnar joint and between the atlas and axis vertebrae.
Gliding joint
- They occur where the articulating bones have flat surfaces that can slide past eachother.
- Movement at these joints is limited by the action of ligaments.
Gliding joint- Movement
- They offer movement in two planes, back and forth and side-to-side movement.
Examples of the gliding joint?
- Between the carpal bones of the wrist and between the ribs and thoraic vertebrae.
Saddle joint
- Two saddle shaped articulating surfaces of adjacent bones fit together at right angles to allow movement in 2 planes.
Saddle joint- Movement
-Allows side-to-side and back and forth movement in 2 planes.
Examples of the saddle joint?
- The thumb at the site where the carpal and metacarpal meet.
Condyloid joint
- Similar to a hinge joint.
- The bony projections (condyles) of one bone articulate with hollow depressions of another.
Condyloid joint- Movement
- Back and forth and side-to-side movement can take place.
Examples of a condyloid joint?
- Radio-carpal joint where the radius articulates with the carpals at the wrist.
What are the planes of the body?
- Saggital
- Transverse
- Frontal
Saggital plane
Divides the body vertically into left and right sides.
Frontal plane
Divides the body vertically into front and back sections.
Transverse
Divides the body horizontally into top and bottom halves.