Motor Systems: Modulation of Movement by the Cerebellum Flashcards
The function of the cerebellum is to detect the difference, or ____, between intended movement and actual movement.
motor error
The cerebellum influences ____ to reduce motor error.
upper motor neurons
The cerebellum does not initiate movement but it contributes to ____, ____, and ____.
coordination
precision
accurate timing
The cerebellum receives input from sensory systems of the spinal cord and from other parts of the brain, integrating these inputs to ____.
fine tune motor activity
Damage to the cerebellum does not cause paralysis, but instead produces disorders in ____, ____, ____, and ____.
fine movement
equilibrium
posture
motor learning
The cerebellar cortex is composed of the ____, ____ and ____.
Cerebrocerebellum
Spinocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum
The deep cerebellar nuclei are composed of ____, ____ and ____.
Dentate nucleus
Interposed nucleui
Fastigial nucleus
The cerebellar peduncles are composed of ____, ____ and ____.
Superior ppeduncle
Middle peduncle
Inferior peduncle
The cerebrocerebellum receives inputs from the ____.
cortex
The cerebrocerebellum is responsible for producing ____ and planning and execution of ____.
skilled movements
spatial and temporal sequences (incl. speech)
The spinocerebellum receives inputs from the ____.
spinal cord
The lateral spinocerebellum controls movements of ____ muscles while the medial side (____) controls ____ muscles and ____.
distal
vermis
proximal
eyes
The vestibulocerebellum receives inputs from the ____.
vestibular system
The ____ are folds in the cortical mantle of the cerebellum
folia
The superior cerebellar peduncles are ____, the middle ____, and the inferior ____.
efferent
afferent
mixed
The pontine nuclei relays inputs from the cortex and superior colliculus via the ____.
middle cerebellar peduncles
The infereior olive relays inputs from the spinal cord and brainstem via the ____.
inferior cerebellar peduncle
Inputs from the motor, premotor, and association cortices lead to the cerebrocerebellum via the ____.
pontine nuclei
Auditory and visual signals lead to the ____.
vermis (middle)
Vestibular inputs come from ____.
CN VIII
Output from the cerebellar cortex goes to ____ and then (via ____) to the thalamus, which controls ____.
deep cerebellar nuclei
superior cerebellar peduncle
upper motor neurons in the cortex
Descending outputs from deep cerebellar nuclei to the brainstem control ____.
axial and proximal limb musculature (posture)
The 3 layers of the cerebellar cortex are the ____, ____ and ____.
Molecular
Purkinje
Granule
Purkinje cells use the neurotransmitter ____.
GABA (inhibitory)
Local circuit neurons in the cerebellum consist of ____, ____, ____ and ____ cells.
Granule (>1/2 of all neurons in entire brain)
Stellate
Basket
Golgi
Mossy fibers come from ____.
pontine nuclei
Parallel fibers come from ____.
granule cells
Climbing fibers wrap around ____ and come from the ____.
purkinje cells
inferior olive
Purkinje cells are ____.
inhibitory
The climbing fiber transports the ____ to the cerebellum.
motor error signal
Climbing fibers are relevant for short-term ____ and long-term ____.
adaption (error control)
motor learning
Parallel fibers evoke ____.
single spikes
Climbing fibers evoke ____.
complex spikes
The spinocerebellum regulates ____.
body and limb movements
The vestibulocerebellum regulates ____.
balance and eye movements
Cerebellar ataxia
Difficulty producing smooth, well-coordinated, multi-jointed movements
