MOTOR SPEECH Flashcards
flaccid dysarthria speech characteristics
hypernasality
imprecise consonants
breathy voice quality
bulbar palsy
flaccid dysarthria
flaccid dysarthria non-speech characteristics
diminished reflexes
muscle atrophy
inhalatory stridor
fasciculations
deviation of jaw
flaccid dysarthria causes
physical trauma
brainstem stroke/ tumor
myasthenia gravis
Guillian-Barre Syndrome
flaccid dysarthria site of damage
LMN damage in cranial & spinal nerves (final common pathway)
spastic dysarthria site of damage
bilateral UMN damage to pyramidal & extrapyramidal systems
spastic dysarthria speech characteristics
imprecise consonants
mono pitch
mono loudness
hypernasality
harsh or strained quality
spastic dysarthria cause
stroke
degenerative disease
TBI
multiple sclerosis
pseudobulbar palsy
spastic dysarthria
spastic dysarthria non-speech charcteristics
pseudobulbar affect
drooling
HYPERreflexes
increased muscle tone
unilateral UMN dysarthria causes
stroke (most common)
tumor
TBI
unilateral UMN damage speech characteristics
almost exclusively a disorder of articulation
unilateral UMN damage non-speech characteristics
tongue deviation
unilateral lower face weakness
drooling
mild dysphagia
unilateral sensory deficits
unilateral UMN dysarthria L-hemisphere damage
co occurs with aphasia and/or apraxia
unilateral UMN dysarthria R-hemisphere damage
co occurs with cognitive or visual deficits
apraxia of speech speech characteristics
ARTIC & PROSODY
-prosodic abnormalities
-slow speech, lengthened vowels/ consonants
-slow rate of speech with pauses
-distorted consonants & vowels
-phoneme substitutions
-articulation errors during repeated utterances
apraxia of speech overview
disorder of motor programming affecting timing and sequencing
apraxia of speech non-speech characteristics
limb apraxia
difficulty with voluntary movement
groping
apraxia of speech causes
stroke
degenerative disease
trauma
tumor
apraxia of speech treatment
artic-kinematic
rate control & timing
total communication
word & phrase focus
ideational apraxia
inability to use object/ gesture d/t lost knowledge
ideomotor apraxia
deficit in ability to carry out motor plan
hypokinetic dysarthria site of damage
basal ganglia
hypokinetic cause
idiopathic parkinsonism
parkinsonism is caused by:
reduction of dopamine (slower) meaning there is an imbalance with too much acetylcholine (firer)
hypokinetic dysarthria non-speech characteristics
resting tremor
bradykinesia
rigidity
spasticity
akinesia
disturbances of postural reflexes
hypokinetic dysarthria speech characteristics
monopitch, low pitch
monoloudness
harh/breathy phonation
reduction in range of speech with imprecise consonants
increased rate
INCREASED RATE
HYPOkinetic dysarthria
primary differentiating characteristics of HYPOkinetic dysarthria
prosodic insufficiency
dysphonia
disfluencies
hypokinetic dysarthria treatment
target articulatory precision
increase phonatory effort
promote natural prosody
rate control tasks
hypokinetic: means an increase in -
muscle tone resulting in less motion and decreased range
too much movement
HYPERkinetic dysarthria
hyperkinetic dysarthria damage
basal ganglia
results in involuntary movements interfering with normal speech production
hyperkinetic dysarthria speech characteristics
-primarily affects prosody
-prolonged intervals between syllables and words
-prolonged rate
-brief inhalations of exhalations of air
-voice stoppages
-breathy
due to unpredictable nature of choreic movements
hyperkinetic dysarthria
chorea
random involuntary movements of limbs, trunk, head, and neck
chorea caused by
huntington’s disease
tardive dyskinesia
ataxic dysarthria site of damage
cerebellum
causes difficulties coordinating voluntary movements
ataxic dysarthria speech charactertistics
problems controlling timing & movement = “drunk speech”
imprecise consonants
distorted vowels
articulatory breakdowns
abnormal prosody
ataxic dysarthria treatment
slow rate
overarticulate
respiratory training
mixed dysarthria site of damage
neurologic damage extends into two or more parts of motor system
mixed dysarthria cause
any form of brain injury
multiple sclerosis
multisystems atrophy
ALS
Wilsons disease
friedreich’s ataxia
mixed dysarthria speech characteristics
combo of characteristics in the single dysarthrias
mixed dysarthria treatment order
treat most severe component first
respiration
resonation
phonation
articulation
prosody
IX Glossopharyngeal
motor/ stylopharyngeus
sensory/ tongue & upper pharynx
X Vagus
motor/ palate, pharynx, larynx
sensory/ viscera
XI Accessory
motor/ sternocleidomastoid
XII Hypoglossal
motor/ tongue
motor speech exam
muscles strength/ tone
speech of movement
ROM/ accuracy
steadiness
motor speech tasks
vowel prolongation
S/Z ratio
alternate motion rate
sequential motion rate
dysarthria vs. apraxia
dysarthria: speech production deficit; neuromotor damage to PNS or CNS
apraxia: motor sequencing, damage to the L hemisphere of the brain; repeat words of increasing complexity & simple cvc; automatic speech task
I Olfactory:
sensory/ smell
II Optic:
sensory/ vision
III Oculomotor:
motor/ eye upward, downward, medial
IV Trochlear motor:
motor/ eye down & out
C Trigeminal:
motor/ jaw
VI Abducens:
motor/ eye lateral
VII Facial:
motor, sensory/ anterior tongue
VII Vestibulocochlear:
Hearing & balance
