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COMPS > Fluency > Flashcards

Fluency Flashcards

1
Q

stuttering

A

specific sensorimotor disruptions of the flow of speech

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2
Q

disfluency

A

normal speech

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3
Q

Charles Van Riper

A

Father of the field of stuttering

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4
Q

believed stuttering as disorder of timing

A

Charles Van Riper

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5
Q

Wendell Johnson

A

believed stuttering was caused by anticipatory, apprehensive, avoidance reaction

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6
Q

Stuttering types

A

Overt, momentary speech event
complex disorder

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7
Q

fluency

A

coordination of respiratory, phonatory, articulatory systems

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8
Q

what percentage of words are stuttered in pWS:

A

10%

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9
Q

SLD

A

part word repetitions, single syllable word repetition, dysrhythmic phonations

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10
Q

complex disorder involves

A

overt speech characteristics
physical concomitants
physiological activity
affective and cognitive features
social dynamics

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11
Q

ASHA stuttering

A

an interruption in the flow of speaking characterized by atypical rate, rhythm, and disfluencies, which may also be accompanied by excessive tension, speaking avoidance, struggle behaviors, and secondary mannerisms

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12
Q

organic orientation etiology

A

genetics
epilepsy
motor control

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13
Q

listener based orientation etiology

A

ear of the listener

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14
Q

psychopathogenic etiology

A

psychological
related to early childhood development

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15
Q

psychosocial etiology

A

caused by fears and anxiety

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16
Q

learned based etiology

A

learned behavior due to negative communication experiences

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17
Q

incidence

A

number of cases ever; total; always the higher number (5%)

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18
Q

prevalence

A

number of cases currently identified; point in time (1%)

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19
Q

factors influencing incidence and prevalence:

A

familiarity
age (younger)
gender (males)
neurological (hearing / cognitive impairment)

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20
Q

Monster study

A

Wendell Johnson
diagnosogenic theory

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21
Q

Range of onset

A

16-60 months

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22
Q

mean of onset

A

33.4 months; 2-4 years

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23
Q

onset can be:

A

sudden, severe, different

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24
Q

secondary behaviors can occur at:

A

onset

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25
Q

CWS repeat:

A

2-4 iterations

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26
Q

% of PWS that will naturally recover without therapy

A

80%

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27
Q

recovery criteria

A

no stuttering for minimum of 12 months, maintained for 4 years

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28
Q

increased predictor for recovery

A

females
no family history
earlier onset/ time since onset
trends
patterns

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29
Q

CWS tend to be:

A

hypervigilant
less adaptable to change
more fearful/shy

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30
Q

no strong link, but CWS have a greater prevalence of:

A

phonological and language disorders

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31
Q

differential developmental model

A

Van Riper
4 tracks of progression
identification
desensitization
modification
stabilization

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32
Q

generally develop awareness of stuttering around ages:

A

5-7

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33
Q

“giant in chains”

A

stuttering is blamed for all setbacks

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34
Q

S Cycle

A

affective (negative reactions)
behavior (stuttering)
cognitive (negative thoughts)

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35
Q

Loci of stuttering ADULTS:

A

content words
long words
consonant initial
sentence initial (popsicle)
words of importance
unfamiliar words
stressed syllables/words

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36
Q

loci of stuttering CHILDREN

A

function words
short words
vowel initial
familiar words

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37
Q

altered sensory info

A

DAF
masking noise
EMG biofeedback
response contingent stimuli

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38
Q

altered speaking patterns

A

metronome timed speech
reduced speaking rate
singsong speech

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39
Q

part word repetitions

A

SLD
f-five
ba-baby

40
Q

single syllable word repetitions

A

SLD
but-but
and-and

41
Q

multiple syllable word repetitions

A

Normal
because - because

42
Q

phrase repetitions

A

normal
i was - i was going

43
Q

prolonged sounds

A

SLD
a»»»ai like to go
s»»»»ometimes

44
Q

blocks & broken words

A

SLD
C (silence) -ake
the ta (silence)-able

45
Q

tense pause

A

SLD
i like to (silence)—- go home

46
Q

interjections

A

normal
um
uh
er

47
Q

revisions

A

normal
i like - i want this ball (same thought)

48
Q

incomplete utterance

A

normal
the baby - let’s do…. (change thought)

49
Q
A
50
Q

frequency

A

SLDS occur on 10% of words

51
Q

duration

A

1 second

52
Q

clustering

A

SLD tend to cluster together more than non stuttered disfluencies

53
Q

physical concomitants

A

secondary or accessory behaviors

54
Q

voice

A

vocal fry
monotone
strained
sudden pitch shifts

55
Q

speaking rate

A

overall rate of speech with all disfluencies and pauses; slower

56
Q

articulatory rate

A

rate of speech without disfluencies and pauses; number of fluent syllables per second/ minute

57
Q

adaption

A

declines with successive readings of a passage

58
Q

consistency

A

Stutter on same words; not random, but rule-governed

59
Q

adjacency

A

stutter on adjacent words when previously stuttered words are removed

60
Q

expectancy

A

ability to predict where stuttering event will occur

61
Q

psychoemotional

A

emotional trauma or personality conflict/ anxiety
provide relaxation
CONS: does not occur w traumatic events

62
Q

psychobehavioral

A

learned behavior reinforced by environmental variables; parental impact; diagnosogenic theory
CONS: onset only in children, stuttering is dynamic

63
Q

psycholinguistic theory

A

breakdown in the process of generating language; conceptualize, formulation, articulation; covert repair theory
CONS: not always on stressed syllables, stuttering is dynamic

64
Q

monologue

A

get a larger sample for analysis

65
Q

conversation

A

shifting topics can increase pressure and elicit more stuttering

66
Q

reading

A

passages must match patient’s reading ability

67
Q

sample size

A

300-600 words or syllables

68
Q

differences in preschool stuttering assessment

A

role of parents
time since onset is important
concomitant disorders
emotional areas
sampling issues

69
Q

preschool age children: intervention must be considered if stuttering persists past:

A

9 months

70
Q

children who stutter = _____ SLD per 100 syllables

A

10.37

71
Q

children who do not stutter = _______ SLD per 100 syllables

A

1.00

72
Q

stuttering is of concern when:

A

3-4 SLDs per 100 units, 2 or more units of repetitions, rapid tempo of repetition, presence of secondary characteristics, frequency greater than 2-3% of stuttered syllables in sample

73
Q

prognosis primary factors

A

family history
gender (males)
trends
duration
age at onset
length/tempo
number of prolongations/ blocks

74
Q

parent counsel advice

A

reduce excitement
use a slow pace
give time and attention
promote child’s self confidence

75
Q

self congruence

A

authenticity

76
Q

objectives of therapy

A

increased fluency
managed stuttering
improved cognitive-emotional adjustment

77
Q

goal

A

who + will do what + how accurately (successfully) + how many times + under what conditions

78
Q

respect for autonomy

A

informed and voluntary

79
Q

beneficence

A

therapy will benefit

80
Q

nonmaleficence

A

do not harm

81
Q

justice

A

fairness, no favoritism

82
Q

awareness

A

improving detection of stuttering

83
Q

post block / cancellation

A

change the stuttering AFTER it occurs; pause; intentionally modify the tension

84
Q

in block/ pullout

A

*after cancellation has been mastered
elimination of pause; examine/ change plan WHILE saying the word

85
Q

preblock/ prepartory set

A

perform analysis and plan modification BEFORE word in anticipation of stutter events

86
Q

school age children: introduce the speech system -

A

body parts involved in speaking/ explore their own speech

87
Q

teasing

A

not intended to cause embarrassment or pain

88
Q

bullying

A

intended to cause embarrassment or pain

89
Q

GILCU

A

behavioral reinforcement

90
Q

group therapy provides opportunities for:

A

desensitization and time to practice strategies within safe groups

91
Q

cluttering

A

disorder of speech and language formulation resulting in rapid, imprecise, dysrhythmic, disorganized production of speech
disorder of central speech processes

92
Q

adulthood onset

A

neurogenic stuttering (stroke, head injury, brain tumor)

psychogenic stuttering (psychological trauma)

93
Q

malingering

A

faking the presence of a disorder, often for financial, legal, or vocational gain

94
Q

concurrent treatment

A

simultaneous, cycling/rotating between disorders

95
Q

sequential treatment

A

treat stuttering, then other disorders

COMPS (11 decks)

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