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Fluency Flashcards

1
Q

stuttering

A

specific sensorimotor disruptions of the flow of speech

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2
Q

disfluency

A

normal speech

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3
Q

Charles Van Riper

A

Father of the field of stuttering

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4
Q

believed stuttering as disorder of timing

A

Charles Van Riper

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5
Q

Wendell Johnson

A

believed stuttering was caused by anticipatory, apprehensive, avoidance reaction

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6
Q

Stuttering types

A

Overt, momentary speech event
complex disorder

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7
Q

fluency

A

coordination of respiratory, phonatory, articulatory systems

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8
Q

what percentage of words are stuttered in pWS:

A

10%

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9
Q

SLD

A

part word repetitions, single syllable word repetition, dysrhythmic phonations

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10
Q

complex disorder involves

A

overt speech characteristics
physical concomitants
physiological activity
affective and cognitive features
social dynamics

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11
Q

ASHA stuttering

A

an interruption in the flow of speaking characterized by atypical rate, rhythm, and disfluencies, which may also be accompanied by excessive tension, speaking avoidance, struggle behaviors, and secondary mannerisms

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12
Q

organic orientation etiology

A

genetics
epilepsy
motor control

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13
Q

listener based orientation etiology

A

ear of the listener

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14
Q

psychopathogenic etiology

A

psychological
related to early childhood development

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15
Q

psychosocial etiology

A

caused by fears and anxiety

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16
Q

learned based etiology

A

learned behavior due to negative communication experiences

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17
Q

incidence

A

number of cases ever; total; always the higher number (5%)

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18
Q

prevalence

A

number of cases currently identified; point in time (1%)

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19
Q

factors influencing incidence and prevalence:

A

familiarity
age (younger)
gender (males)
neurological (hearing / cognitive impairment)

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20
Q

Monster study

A

Wendell Johnson
diagnosogenic theory

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21
Q

Range of onset

A

16-60 months

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22
Q

mean of onset

A

33.4 months; 2-4 years

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23
Q

onset can be:

A

sudden, severe, different

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24
Q

secondary behaviors can occur at:

A

onset

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25
CWS repeat:
2-4 iterations
26
% of PWS that will naturally recover without therapy
80%
27
recovery criteria
no stuttering for minimum of 12 months, maintained for 4 years
28
increased predictor for recovery
females no family history earlier onset/ time since onset trends patterns
29
CWS tend to be:
hypervigilant less adaptable to change more fearful/shy
30
no strong link, but CWS have a greater prevalence of:
phonological and language disorders
31
differential developmental model
Van Riper 4 tracks of progression identification desensitization modification stabilization
32
generally develop awareness of stuttering around ages:
5-7
33
"giant in chains"
stuttering is blamed for all setbacks
34
S Cycle
affective (negative reactions) behavior (stuttering) cognitive (negative thoughts)
35
Loci of stuttering ADULTS:
content words long words consonant initial sentence initial (popsicle) words of importance unfamiliar words stressed syllables/words
36
loci of stuttering CHILDREN
function words short words vowel initial familiar words
37
altered sensory info
DAF masking noise EMG biofeedback response contingent stimuli
38
altered speaking patterns
metronome timed speech reduced speaking rate singsong speech
39
part word repetitions
SLD f-five ba-baby
40
single syllable word repetitions
SLD but-but and-and
41
multiple syllable word repetitions
Normal because - because
42
phrase repetitions
normal i was - i was going
43
prolonged sounds
SLD a>>>>>>ai like to go s>>>>>>>>ometimes
44
blocks & broken words
SLD C (silence) -ake the ta (silence)-able
45
tense pause
SLD i like to (silence)---- go home
46
interjections
normal um uh er
47
revisions
normal i like - i want this ball (same thought)
48
incomplete utterance
normal the baby - let's do.... (change thought)
49
50
frequency
SLDS occur on 10% of words
51
duration
1 second
52
clustering
SLD tend to cluster together more than non stuttered disfluencies
53
physical concomitants
secondary or accessory behaviors
54
voice
vocal fry monotone strained sudden pitch shifts
55
speaking rate
overall rate of speech with all disfluencies and pauses; slower
56
articulatory rate
rate of speech without disfluencies and pauses; number of fluent syllables per second/ minute
57
adaption
declines with successive readings of a passage
58
consistency
Stutter on same words; not random, but rule-governed
59
adjacency
stutter on adjacent words when previously stuttered words are removed
60
expectancy
ability to predict where stuttering event will occur
61
psychoemotional
emotional trauma or personality conflict/ anxiety provide relaxation CONS: does not occur w traumatic events
62
psychobehavioral
learned behavior reinforced by environmental variables; parental impact; diagnosogenic theory CONS: onset only in children, stuttering is dynamic
63
psycholinguistic theory
breakdown in the process of generating language; conceptualize, formulation, articulation; covert repair theory CONS: not always on stressed syllables, stuttering is dynamic
64
monologue
get a larger sample for analysis
65
conversation
shifting topics can increase pressure and elicit more stuttering
66
reading
passages must match patient's reading ability
67
sample size
300-600 words or syllables
68
differences in preschool stuttering assessment
role of parents time since onset is important concomitant disorders emotional areas sampling issues
69
preschool age children: intervention must be considered if stuttering persists past:
9 months
70
children who stutter = _____ SLD per 100 syllables
10.37
71
children who do not stutter = _______ SLD per 100 syllables
1.00
72
stuttering is of concern when:
3-4 SLDs per 100 units, 2 or more units of repetitions, rapid tempo of repetition, presence of secondary characteristics, frequency greater than 2-3% of stuttered syllables in sample
73
prognosis primary factors
family history gender (males) trends duration age at onset length/tempo number of prolongations/ blocks
74
parent counsel advice
reduce excitement use a slow pace give time and attention promote child's self confidence
75
self congruence
authenticity
76
objectives of therapy
increased fluency managed stuttering improved cognitive-emotional adjustment
77
goal
who + will do what + how accurately (successfully) + how many times + under what conditions
78
respect for autonomy
informed and voluntary
79
beneficence
therapy will benefit
80
nonmaleficence
do not harm
81
justice
fairness, no favoritism
82
awareness
improving detection of stuttering
83
post block / cancellation
change the stuttering AFTER it occurs; pause; intentionally modify the tension
84
in block/ pullout
*after cancellation has been mastered elimination of pause; examine/ change plan WHILE saying the word
85
preblock/ prepartory set
perform analysis and plan modification BEFORE word in anticipation of stutter events
86
school age children: introduce the speech system -
body parts involved in speaking/ explore their own speech
87
teasing
not intended to cause embarrassment or pain
88
bullying
intended to cause embarrassment or pain
89
GILCU
behavioral reinforcement
90
group therapy provides opportunities for:
desensitization and time to practice strategies within safe groups
91
cluttering
disorder of speech and language formulation resulting in rapid, imprecise, dysrhythmic, disorganized production of speech disorder of central speech processes
92
adulthood onset
neurogenic stuttering (stroke, head injury, brain tumor) psychogenic stuttering (psychological trauma)
93
malingering
faking the presence of a disorder, often for financial, legal, or vocational gain
94
concurrent treatment
simultaneous, cycling/rotating between disorders
95
sequential treatment
treat stuttering, then other disorders

COMPS (11 decks)

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