[Motor neurone disease]

Answer 1

motor cortex
CN nuclei
anterior horn cells

Answer 2

normal function

Answer 3

none

Answer 4

NONE whatsoever

Answer 5

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Progressive bulbar palsy
Progressive muscular atrophy
primary lateral sclerosis

Answer 6

motor cortex neurone damage
+
anterior horn cell damage

Answer 7

Both

Answer 8

9-12 CNs

Answer 9

anterior horn cells only (LMNL)

Answer 10

loss of Betz cells in motor cortex
(UMNL)

Answer 11

spastic gait
foot drop
weak grip
aspiration pneumonia

Answer 12

2-4 years

Answer 13

60 years

Answer 14

Riluzole

(antiglutamatergic)

Answer 15

Propantheline

Answer 16

LMNL
of 9-12 CNs

Answer 17

UMNL
pf swallowing/talking muscle groups

Answer 18

wasting of tongue
fasciculations of tongue
absent or normal jaw jerk

Answer 19

increased jaw jerk
slow deliberate speech
emotional incontinence without emotional change

Answer 20

CN nuclei

Answer 21

corticobulbar tracts

Answer 22

El Escorial

Answer 23

Definite ALS
probable ALS
probably with lab support (EMG)
possible ALS
Suspected

Answer 24

LMNL+UMNL signs in 3 regions

Question 25

[MND]: what constitutes a probable diagnosis of ALS

Answer 25

LMNL+UMNL signs in 2 regions

Question 26

[MND]: what constitutes a possible diagnosis of ALS

Answer 26

LMNL+UMNL signs in 1 regions

Question 27

[MND]: what constitutes a suspected diagnosis of ALS

Answer 27

UMNL or LMNL in 1 or more regions

Question 28

[MND]: how does Riluzole work

Answer 28

excess glutamate in MND Na+ channel blocker inhibits glutamate release