motor learning Flashcards
descending pathways produce movement:
- arise in the cortex or brain stem (upper motor neuron system)
- provide gating for spinal reflex pathways
- controlled by the cerevellum and basal nuclei
corticospinal tract
connects to the motor areas of the cerebral cortex to the spinal cord to muscles
corticobulbar tract
connects to the brain stem from the cerebral cortex (muscles of the head)
where do extra-pyramidal tracts arise from?
the brain stem
where does the cerebellum receive inputs from?
brain stem and spinal cord
where does the cerebellum send outputs to?
thalamus and brain stem
where do the basal nuclei receive inputs from?
cerebral cortex
where do the basal nuclei send outputs to?
thalamus
cerebellar function 1
movement, co-ordination, motor control and sensory perception
receives somatosensory, propioceptive, visual, auditory and vestibular information
receives signals form the entire body
cerebellar function 2
cerebellar activity does not reach consciousness
relays info between muscles and areas of the cerebral cortex that are involved in motor control
- regulates rate, range, force and direction of movements
- coordinates movement on the ipsilateral side
- monitors and initiates voluntary movement through manipulation of fine muscle movement
collaterals and the pontine nuclei
pontine nuclei take collateral from corticospinal tract
collateral=branching structure of axon to primary target (copy of intentions)
pontine nuclei project into cerebellum
sensory feedback from muscles
sensory feedback from muscle to spinal cord and brain stem
spinal cord to brain stem=action
e.g inferior olivary nucleus from brainstem
projects to cerebellum
cerebellum- CST and spinal cord
compares intention and action
this builds a motor map
role of basal nuclei
selects which motor plan we will use for a specific action
heteromodal cortices example
supplementary motor area
