Motor Learning (1) Flashcards
definition of motor learning
a set of processes associated w/ practice or experience leading to relatively permanent changes in our capacity for responding
stages of motor learning
cognitive
associative
autonomous
cognitive stage
first stage: “what to do”
what do we need in the cognitive stage
a lot of attention towards the task
cognitive stage includes
experimenting w/ many ideas
improvement is made quickly
experimenting w/ many ideas –> cognitive
errors are made and even promoted
associative stage
second stage: “how to do”
what have we decided in the associative stage
which strategy works best
what’re we doing in the associative stage
beautifying skill
fewer errors
the associative stage includes
slow progress
autonomous stage
final stage: “how to succeed”
in the autonomous skill —> the skill is
automatic
what is needed in the autonomous stage
little attention is needed
can perform other higher cognitive activities simultaneously
there may not be –> autonomous stage
much improvement
does everyone get to the autonomous stage
no
how do we know that we are talking about motor learning
performance
learning
performance –> talking about motor learning
temporary change in movement pattern
learning –> talking about motor learning
permanent change in movement pattern
what is not a good measure of “true” learning
performing something well
learning could occur but…
performance can be impaired by fatigue, pain and other factors
measures of motor learning
performance
retention
transfer
contextual change
performance test
how automatic is a skill
how automatic is a skill –> performance
effort
speed
accuracy of decision making
retention test
learning can demonstrate the skill over and over again
clear period of time w/ no practice
performance is initially weak but comes back very quickly
transfer test –> what is an individual asked to do
perform a motor skill that is similar to, but different from, the motor skill that has been practiced
what does the transfer test help us decide
whether the skill can be generalized to completion of other similar tasks
resistance to contextual change
an individuals ability to apply a learned skill to other environmental contexts
motivation
the pt needs to have desire to learn/improve a skill
physiology of motor learning
neuroplasticity
neuroplasticity
activity dependent
synaptic changes
synaptic changes –> neuroplasticity
making stronger
unmasking new wired networks
giving instructions
verbal instruction
transitional information
demonstration
verbal instructions
vague in nature
transitional info
verbal instruction that is specific to what he or she needs to hear
what do we allow the pt to do first –> demonstration
let the pt perform the natural movement
w/o interference from the PT
what do we utilize –> demonstration
demonstration later on in learning as it bypasses active learning
demonstration is sometimes
necessary
motor learning is
practice
skill
goal is skill acquisition not just changes in movement
what’re we doing as a therapist
helping people practice
so that they can improve a skill w/in a task
practice definition
pts/students are engaged in repeated attempts to produce motor behaviors that are beyond their present capabilities
what do you have to do if you wanna improve task performance
practice
